NCSA 2024-2025(CORRECT
ANSWERS)100% SURE
Datagram/Packet (definition) - answer-The data unit of IP.
What is the data unit associated with TCP? - answer-Packet
What is the data unit associated with UDP? - answer-Datagram
What is the Default Gateway? - answer-The default gateway address is the IP address
of the router interface used for network traffic to exit the local network. The default
gateway is an IP address that is often assigned by the network administrator and is
used when traffic must be routed to another network.
What is a router? - answer-An intelligent connecting device that examines each packet
of data it receives and then decides which way to send it onward toward its destination.
What is a MAC address? - answer-MAC means Media Access Control. A MAC address
is a unique number stored in each NIC so it can be used to identify a device on a
network.
What is the makeup of a MAC address? - answer-12 Hexadecimal Digits - each digit
being 4 binary bits.
How many bits are in a MAC address? - answer-48
How many octets are in an IPv4 address? - answer-4
How many bits are in an IPv4 address? - answer-32
What is an IPv6 address composed of? - answer-8 groups of 4 hex digits (for a total of
32).
How many bits are in an IPv6 address? - answer-128
What is NAT and what does it do? - answer-Network Address Translation, and it
converts many private IP addresses to one public address.
List of Routing Protocols - answer-Routing Information Protocol (RIP), Virtual Router
Redundancy Protocol (VRRP), Open Shortest Path First (OSPF), Exterior Gateway
Protocol (EGP), Border Gateway Protocol (BGP), Intermediate System to Intermediate
System (ISIS), Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP), Enhanced IGRP (EIGRP)
,Interior Gateway Protocol types of Protocols: - answer-RIP, IGRP, EIGRP, OSPF
Exterior Gateway Protocol types of Protocols: - answer-BGP, IS-IS, EGP
Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) - answer-A routing protocol that operates within an
autonomous system, which is a network under a single administrative control. OSPF
and EIGRP are popular examples of IGPs.
Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) - answer-A routing protocol that operates between
autonomous systems, which are networks under different administrative control. Border
Gateway Protocol (BGP) is the only EGP in widespread use today.
Distance Vector Routing - answer-A category of routing protocol that sends a full copy
of its routing table to its directly attached neighbors.
Link-State Routing - answer-A category of routing protocol that maintains a topology of
a network and uses an algorithm to determine the shortest path to a destination
network.
Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) - answer-Cisco's proprietary
hybrid protocol that has elements of both distance vector and link state routing.
Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) - answer-An interior gateway routing protocol
developed for IP networks based on the shortest path first or link-state algorithm.
What is a hub? - answer-Common connection point for devices in a network. A
repeater.
What is a switch? - answer-A switch is a network device which creates a *separate
collision domain on each port*, while remaining within a single broadcast domain.
What do switches do? - answer-They connect network segments or devices by keeping
a table of every MAC address connected, so it can 'smartly' forward the proper packets
to the proper client.
What is a Unicast? - answer-A transmission method in which data is transferred from a
specific source address to a specific destination address. (Network nodes not involved
in the transfer ignore the transmission.)
What is a multicast? - answer-The process of sending a packet from a host to selected
groups of hosts (ip range), possibly in different network.
What is a broadcast? - answer-The process of sending a packet from a host (or hosts)
to every connected device in the broadcast domain.
,What is a broadcast storm? - answer-A Broadcast storm occurs when there are so
many broadcast messages on the network that they approach or exceed the network
bandwidth.
What is a broadcast domain? - answer-A broadcast domain is a logical group of devices
on a network, connected to one another. Routers are the border of broadcast domains,
everything within that router's connections are part of the broadcast domain.
Give some examples of an 'end device'. - answer-Computers, laptops, phones, servers,
tablets, etc.
What is a network? - answer-Two or more computers or end devices that can exchange
information over a data link.
What are some infrastructure devices? - answer-Routers, firewalls, switches, hubs, and
wireless access points.
What are some examples of cables & media? - answer-Fiber optics, cat5e optical
cables, coaxial, phone lines, wireless radio, etc.
What are some example protocols related to networking? - answer-Internet Protocol
(IP), Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
Name the different network types. - answer-LAN, WAN, CAN, MAN, PAN, SAN,
WLAN/WWAN
What is a LAN - answer-Local Area Network - a network that connects computers within
a limited area such as a home, or even a small office.
What is a WAN? - answer-Wide Area Network; uses long-range telecommunication,
links across country or continent.
What is a WLAN/WWAN? - answer-A wireless version of either a LAN or WAN.
What is a CAN? - answer-Campus Area Network - Two or more LANs connected
together over a large area or multiple buildings such as a school or military campus.
What is a MAN? - answer-Metropolitan Area Network - Larger than a CAN and LAN, but
can consist of both LANs and WANs to cover a city or city-sized area.
What is a SAN? - answer-Storage Area Network. Data centers - high end storage
solution. A network dedicated to data storage.
What is a PAN? - answer-Personal Area Network - the network that connects your
wireless and Bluetooth devices and peripherals together, such as a Bluetooth mouse
and keyboards to a computer or tablet.
, How many bits are - answer-8
What are network data rates measured in? - answer-Bits per second, such as 100Mbps
is 100,000,000 bits per second.
What are file sizes measured in? - answer-Bytes, such as a video being 350 MB or
Megabytes, that's 350,000,000 Bytes, or 2,800,000,000 bits.
What is Ethernet? - answer-A layer 2 technology that is also a protocol "family". It
performs encapsulation of frames in the Network Interface Card (NIC).
What is Border Gateway Protocol? - answer-A standardized exterior gateway protocol
designed to exchange routing and reach-ability information among autonomous
systems (AS) on the Internet.
What is eGBP? - answer-Exterior Border Gateway Protocol - outside autonomous
systems.
What is iBGP? - answer-Interior Border Gateway Protocol - inside autonomous
systems.
What is Administrative Distance? - answer-Administrative distance (AD) is an integer
from 0 to 255 that rates the trustworthiness of the source of the IP routing information.
The AD is only important when a router learns about a destination route from more than
one source. The path with the lowest AD is the one entered in the routing table. This
can be changed and set manually in a router.
What is ARP? - answer-Address Resolution Protocol - It resolves IPv4 addresses to
MAC addresses.
What is an ARP cache? - answer-A table of all known IP address to MAC address
mappings. It includes static and dynamically learned entries.
What is a Gratuitous ARP? - answer-An ARP announcement to update other hosts ARP
tables without the need for an ARP Request.
What is an ARP Request? - answer-A broadcasted packet to all machines on a LAN
(addressed via MAC) asking if any of the machines know they are using a particular IP
address.
What is RARP? - answer-A depreciated service, Reverse Address Resolution Protocol,
required an actual RARP server on every network for resolving addresses.
How are IP Addresses Assgined? - answer-Statically (manually) and dynamically
(automatically) through a DHCP server that keeps records of all assigned IPs.
ANSWERS)100% SURE
Datagram/Packet (definition) - answer-The data unit of IP.
What is the data unit associated with TCP? - answer-Packet
What is the data unit associated with UDP? - answer-Datagram
What is the Default Gateway? - answer-The default gateway address is the IP address
of the router interface used for network traffic to exit the local network. The default
gateway is an IP address that is often assigned by the network administrator and is
used when traffic must be routed to another network.
What is a router? - answer-An intelligent connecting device that examines each packet
of data it receives and then decides which way to send it onward toward its destination.
What is a MAC address? - answer-MAC means Media Access Control. A MAC address
is a unique number stored in each NIC so it can be used to identify a device on a
network.
What is the makeup of a MAC address? - answer-12 Hexadecimal Digits - each digit
being 4 binary bits.
How many bits are in a MAC address? - answer-48
How many octets are in an IPv4 address? - answer-4
How many bits are in an IPv4 address? - answer-32
What is an IPv6 address composed of? - answer-8 groups of 4 hex digits (for a total of
32).
How many bits are in an IPv6 address? - answer-128
What is NAT and what does it do? - answer-Network Address Translation, and it
converts many private IP addresses to one public address.
List of Routing Protocols - answer-Routing Information Protocol (RIP), Virtual Router
Redundancy Protocol (VRRP), Open Shortest Path First (OSPF), Exterior Gateway
Protocol (EGP), Border Gateway Protocol (BGP), Intermediate System to Intermediate
System (ISIS), Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP), Enhanced IGRP (EIGRP)
,Interior Gateway Protocol types of Protocols: - answer-RIP, IGRP, EIGRP, OSPF
Exterior Gateway Protocol types of Protocols: - answer-BGP, IS-IS, EGP
Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) - answer-A routing protocol that operates within an
autonomous system, which is a network under a single administrative control. OSPF
and EIGRP are popular examples of IGPs.
Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) - answer-A routing protocol that operates between
autonomous systems, which are networks under different administrative control. Border
Gateway Protocol (BGP) is the only EGP in widespread use today.
Distance Vector Routing - answer-A category of routing protocol that sends a full copy
of its routing table to its directly attached neighbors.
Link-State Routing - answer-A category of routing protocol that maintains a topology of
a network and uses an algorithm to determine the shortest path to a destination
network.
Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) - answer-Cisco's proprietary
hybrid protocol that has elements of both distance vector and link state routing.
Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) - answer-An interior gateway routing protocol
developed for IP networks based on the shortest path first or link-state algorithm.
What is a hub? - answer-Common connection point for devices in a network. A
repeater.
What is a switch? - answer-A switch is a network device which creates a *separate
collision domain on each port*, while remaining within a single broadcast domain.
What do switches do? - answer-They connect network segments or devices by keeping
a table of every MAC address connected, so it can 'smartly' forward the proper packets
to the proper client.
What is a Unicast? - answer-A transmission method in which data is transferred from a
specific source address to a specific destination address. (Network nodes not involved
in the transfer ignore the transmission.)
What is a multicast? - answer-The process of sending a packet from a host to selected
groups of hosts (ip range), possibly in different network.
What is a broadcast? - answer-The process of sending a packet from a host (or hosts)
to every connected device in the broadcast domain.
,What is a broadcast storm? - answer-A Broadcast storm occurs when there are so
many broadcast messages on the network that they approach or exceed the network
bandwidth.
What is a broadcast domain? - answer-A broadcast domain is a logical group of devices
on a network, connected to one another. Routers are the border of broadcast domains,
everything within that router's connections are part of the broadcast domain.
Give some examples of an 'end device'. - answer-Computers, laptops, phones, servers,
tablets, etc.
What is a network? - answer-Two or more computers or end devices that can exchange
information over a data link.
What are some infrastructure devices? - answer-Routers, firewalls, switches, hubs, and
wireless access points.
What are some examples of cables & media? - answer-Fiber optics, cat5e optical
cables, coaxial, phone lines, wireless radio, etc.
What are some example protocols related to networking? - answer-Internet Protocol
(IP), Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
Name the different network types. - answer-LAN, WAN, CAN, MAN, PAN, SAN,
WLAN/WWAN
What is a LAN - answer-Local Area Network - a network that connects computers within
a limited area such as a home, or even a small office.
What is a WAN? - answer-Wide Area Network; uses long-range telecommunication,
links across country or continent.
What is a WLAN/WWAN? - answer-A wireless version of either a LAN or WAN.
What is a CAN? - answer-Campus Area Network - Two or more LANs connected
together over a large area or multiple buildings such as a school or military campus.
What is a MAN? - answer-Metropolitan Area Network - Larger than a CAN and LAN, but
can consist of both LANs and WANs to cover a city or city-sized area.
What is a SAN? - answer-Storage Area Network. Data centers - high end storage
solution. A network dedicated to data storage.
What is a PAN? - answer-Personal Area Network - the network that connects your
wireless and Bluetooth devices and peripherals together, such as a Bluetooth mouse
and keyboards to a computer or tablet.
, How many bits are - answer-8
What are network data rates measured in? - answer-Bits per second, such as 100Mbps
is 100,000,000 bits per second.
What are file sizes measured in? - answer-Bytes, such as a video being 350 MB or
Megabytes, that's 350,000,000 Bytes, or 2,800,000,000 bits.
What is Ethernet? - answer-A layer 2 technology that is also a protocol "family". It
performs encapsulation of frames in the Network Interface Card (NIC).
What is Border Gateway Protocol? - answer-A standardized exterior gateway protocol
designed to exchange routing and reach-ability information among autonomous
systems (AS) on the Internet.
What is eGBP? - answer-Exterior Border Gateway Protocol - outside autonomous
systems.
What is iBGP? - answer-Interior Border Gateway Protocol - inside autonomous
systems.
What is Administrative Distance? - answer-Administrative distance (AD) is an integer
from 0 to 255 that rates the trustworthiness of the source of the IP routing information.
The AD is only important when a router learns about a destination route from more than
one source. The path with the lowest AD is the one entered in the routing table. This
can be changed and set manually in a router.
What is ARP? - answer-Address Resolution Protocol - It resolves IPv4 addresses to
MAC addresses.
What is an ARP cache? - answer-A table of all known IP address to MAC address
mappings. It includes static and dynamically learned entries.
What is a Gratuitous ARP? - answer-An ARP announcement to update other hosts ARP
tables without the need for an ARP Request.
What is an ARP Request? - answer-A broadcasted packet to all machines on a LAN
(addressed via MAC) asking if any of the machines know they are using a particular IP
address.
What is RARP? - answer-A depreciated service, Reverse Address Resolution Protocol,
required an actual RARP server on every network for resolving addresses.
How are IP Addresses Assgined? - answer-Statically (manually) and dynamically
(automatically) through a DHCP server that keeps records of all assigned IPs.
