1. The first-line treatment for febrile seizures is:
A. Phenobarbital
B. Diazepam
C. Antipyretics
D. Immediate EEG
Answer: C) Antipyretics
Rationale: Febrile seizures are usually benign and self-limiting.
2. What is the primary treatment for severe dehydration due
to diarrhea in a child?
A. Antibiotics
B. Intravenous fluids
C. Oral rehydration therapy (ORT)
D. Antidiarrheal medications
Answer: C) Oral rehydration therapy (ORT)
Rationale: ORT is the treatment of choice for most cases of
dehydration. Severe cases may require IV fluids.
3. Which of the following is a hallmark sign of measles?
A. Vesicular rash
B. Koplik spots
C. Strawberry tongue
D. Target lesions
Answer: B) Koplik spots
Rationale: Koplik spots are small, white lesions on the buccal
mucosa, pathognomonic for measles, preceding the rash.
4. The most common cause of acute gastroenteritis in children
worldwide is:
A. Norovirus
B. Rotavirus
C. Salmonella
D. Escherichia coli
Answer: B) Rotavirus
Rationale: Rotavirus is the leading cause of acute diarrhea in
children, especially in developing countries, and is preventable by
vaccination.
, 5. Which congenital heart defect is associated with a "machine like"
murmur?
A. Ventricular septal defect (VSD)
B. Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
C. Tetralogy of Fallot
D. Atrial septal defect (ASD)
Answer: B) Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
Rationale: A continuous "machine-like" murmur is characteristic of
PDA, caused by persistent blood flow between the aorta and
pulmonary artery.
6. A child with a "barking cough" and inspiratory stridor likely
has:
A. Asthma
B. Epiglottitis
C. Croup
D. Foreign body aspiration
Answer: C) Croup
Rationale: Croup, caused by parainfluenza virus, presents with a
barking cough and stridor due to inflammation of the upper airway.
7. At what age does the anterior fontanelle typically close?
A. 2-4 months
B. 6-8 months
C. 12-18 months
D. 24-30 months
Answer: C) 12-18 months
Rationale: The anterior fontanelle usually closes between 12 to 18
months of age. Delayed closure may indicate conditions like
hypothyroidism or increased intracranial pressure.
8. Which vaccine is contraindicated in a child with severe
immunodeficiency?
A. Hepatitis B vaccine
B. Inactivated polio vaccine (IPV)
C. Measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine
D. Diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTaP) vaccine
Answer: C) Measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine
A. Phenobarbital
B. Diazepam
C. Antipyretics
D. Immediate EEG
Answer: C) Antipyretics
Rationale: Febrile seizures are usually benign and self-limiting.
2. What is the primary treatment for severe dehydration due
to diarrhea in a child?
A. Antibiotics
B. Intravenous fluids
C. Oral rehydration therapy (ORT)
D. Antidiarrheal medications
Answer: C) Oral rehydration therapy (ORT)
Rationale: ORT is the treatment of choice for most cases of
dehydration. Severe cases may require IV fluids.
3. Which of the following is a hallmark sign of measles?
A. Vesicular rash
B. Koplik spots
C. Strawberry tongue
D. Target lesions
Answer: B) Koplik spots
Rationale: Koplik spots are small, white lesions on the buccal
mucosa, pathognomonic for measles, preceding the rash.
4. The most common cause of acute gastroenteritis in children
worldwide is:
A. Norovirus
B. Rotavirus
C. Salmonella
D. Escherichia coli
Answer: B) Rotavirus
Rationale: Rotavirus is the leading cause of acute diarrhea in
children, especially in developing countries, and is preventable by
vaccination.
, 5. Which congenital heart defect is associated with a "machine like"
murmur?
A. Ventricular septal defect (VSD)
B. Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
C. Tetralogy of Fallot
D. Atrial septal defect (ASD)
Answer: B) Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
Rationale: A continuous "machine-like" murmur is characteristic of
PDA, caused by persistent blood flow between the aorta and
pulmonary artery.
6. A child with a "barking cough" and inspiratory stridor likely
has:
A. Asthma
B. Epiglottitis
C. Croup
D. Foreign body aspiration
Answer: C) Croup
Rationale: Croup, caused by parainfluenza virus, presents with a
barking cough and stridor due to inflammation of the upper airway.
7. At what age does the anterior fontanelle typically close?
A. 2-4 months
B. 6-8 months
C. 12-18 months
D. 24-30 months
Answer: C) 12-18 months
Rationale: The anterior fontanelle usually closes between 12 to 18
months of age. Delayed closure may indicate conditions like
hypothyroidism or increased intracranial pressure.
8. Which vaccine is contraindicated in a child with severe
immunodeficiency?
A. Hepatitis B vaccine
B. Inactivated polio vaccine (IPV)
C. Measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine
D. Diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTaP) vaccine
Answer: C) Measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine
