1. A patient is prescribed enalapril for hypertension. Which of the
following is a common side effect of ACE inhibitors like enalapril?
A. Persistent dry cough
B. Weight gain
C. Nausea and vomiting
D. Increased heart rate
Answer: A) Persistent dry cough
Rationale: A persistent dry cough is a well-known side effect of ACE
inhibitors due to the accumulation of bradykinin, which is normally
broken down by angiotensin-converting enzyme.
2. Which of the following medications can cause a disulfiram-like
reaction when taken with alcohol
A. Metronidazole
B. Azithromycin
C. Amoxicillin
D. Ciprofloxacin
Answer: A) Metronidazole
Rationale: Metronidazole, when taken with alcohol, can cause a
disulfiram-like reaction, leading to symptoms like nausea, vomiting,
flushing, and headache.
3. A nurse is preparing to administer warfarin to a patient. What
laboratory test will be most important to monitor during therapy?
A. Prothrombin time (PT)
B. Complete blood count (CBC)
C. Serum glucose
D. Electrolyte levels
Answer: A) Prothrombin time (PT)
Rationale: Warfarin is an anticoagulant that affects clotting factors,
and the PT is used to assess the effectiveness of warfarin therapy.
4. A nurse is administering a dose of acetaminophen to a patient.
What is the maximum daily dose for an adult?
A. 1,000 mg
B. 3,000 mg
C. 4,000 mg
D. 6,000 mg
Answer: C) 4,000 mg
Rationale: The maximum recommended daily dose of acetaminophen
,for an adult is 4,000 mg to avoid liver toxicity.
5. A nurse is administering a dose of metformin to a patient with
type 2 diabetes. Which of the following should the nurse be aware of
in relation to this medication?
A. Metformin can cause significant weight gain.
B. Metformin can increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
C. Metformin is contraindicated in patients with renal impairment.
D. Metformin should be taken with high-protein meals for optimal
absorption.
Answer: C) Metformin is contraindicated in patients with renal
impairment.
Rationale: Metformin is contraindicated in patients with severe renal
impairment due to the increased risk of lactic acidosis. It should be
used with caution and monitored in patients with renal disease.
6. A nurse is teaching a patient who is prescribed lithium. Which of
the following should the nurse include in the teaching?
A. "You can take this medication with any over-the-counter
medications."
B. "Avoid sudden changes in sodium intake."
C. "You may need to limit your water intake."
D. "This medication should be stopped if you gain weight."
Answer: B) "Avoid sudden changes in sodium intake."
Rationale: Lithium levels are influenced by sodium intake. Low
sodium can increase the risk of lithium toxicity.
7. Which of the following is the most common side effect of
antihistamines?
A. Diarrhea
B. Drowsiness
C. Increased heart rate
D. Increased blood pressure
Answer: B) Drowsiness
Rationale: Many antihistamines, particularly first-generation agents
like diphenhydramine, cause drowsiness as they cross the blood-
brain barrier and block histamine receptors in the brain.
8. Which of the following medications is considered a first-line
treatment for a patient with hypertension and heart failure?
A. Beta-blockers
B. Calcium channel blockers
, C. Diuretics
D. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
Answer: D) Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
Rationale: ACE inhibitors are a cornerstone of treatment for both
hypertension and heart failure. They help to reduce blood pressure
and improve heart function by blocking the conversion of
angiotensin I to angiotensin II, reducing vasoconstriction.
9. A nurse is caring for a patient receiving intravenous ceftriaxone.
Which of the following is a potential side effect of this antibiotic?
A. Seizures
B. Nephrotoxicity
C. Stevens-Johnson syndrome
D. Ototoxicity
Answer: B) Nephrotoxicity
Rationale: Ceftriaxone, like other cephalosporins, can cause
nephrotoxicity, especially in patients with preexisting kidney
problems. Monitoring renal function is essential
10. A patient has been prescribed azithromycin. The nurse should
teach the patient to take the medication in which of the following
ways?
A. "Take the medication with food to reduce gastrointestinal
irritation."
B. "Take the medication with a full glass of water on an empty
stomach."
C. "Take the medication with milk to enhance absorption."
D. "Take the medication just before bedtime for better effectiveness."
Answer: B) "Take the medication with a full glass of water on an
empty stomach."
Rationale: Azithromycin is most effectively absorbed when taken on
an empty stomach, typically 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals.
Milk can interfere with absorption, so it is not recommended.
11. A patient with diabetes is prescribed an SGLT-2 inhibitor. What
is the most common side effect associated with this drug class?
A. Hypoglycemia
B. Dehydration
C. Hyperkalemia
D. Weight loss
Answer: B) Dehydration
Rationale: SGLT-2 inhibitors increase urinary glucose excretion,
following is a common side effect of ACE inhibitors like enalapril?
A. Persistent dry cough
B. Weight gain
C. Nausea and vomiting
D. Increased heart rate
Answer: A) Persistent dry cough
Rationale: A persistent dry cough is a well-known side effect of ACE
inhibitors due to the accumulation of bradykinin, which is normally
broken down by angiotensin-converting enzyme.
2. Which of the following medications can cause a disulfiram-like
reaction when taken with alcohol
A. Metronidazole
B. Azithromycin
C. Amoxicillin
D. Ciprofloxacin
Answer: A) Metronidazole
Rationale: Metronidazole, when taken with alcohol, can cause a
disulfiram-like reaction, leading to symptoms like nausea, vomiting,
flushing, and headache.
3. A nurse is preparing to administer warfarin to a patient. What
laboratory test will be most important to monitor during therapy?
A. Prothrombin time (PT)
B. Complete blood count (CBC)
C. Serum glucose
D. Electrolyte levels
Answer: A) Prothrombin time (PT)
Rationale: Warfarin is an anticoagulant that affects clotting factors,
and the PT is used to assess the effectiveness of warfarin therapy.
4. A nurse is administering a dose of acetaminophen to a patient.
What is the maximum daily dose for an adult?
A. 1,000 mg
B. 3,000 mg
C. 4,000 mg
D. 6,000 mg
Answer: C) 4,000 mg
Rationale: The maximum recommended daily dose of acetaminophen
,for an adult is 4,000 mg to avoid liver toxicity.
5. A nurse is administering a dose of metformin to a patient with
type 2 diabetes. Which of the following should the nurse be aware of
in relation to this medication?
A. Metformin can cause significant weight gain.
B. Metformin can increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
C. Metformin is contraindicated in patients with renal impairment.
D. Metformin should be taken with high-protein meals for optimal
absorption.
Answer: C) Metformin is contraindicated in patients with renal
impairment.
Rationale: Metformin is contraindicated in patients with severe renal
impairment due to the increased risk of lactic acidosis. It should be
used with caution and monitored in patients with renal disease.
6. A nurse is teaching a patient who is prescribed lithium. Which of
the following should the nurse include in the teaching?
A. "You can take this medication with any over-the-counter
medications."
B. "Avoid sudden changes in sodium intake."
C. "You may need to limit your water intake."
D. "This medication should be stopped if you gain weight."
Answer: B) "Avoid sudden changes in sodium intake."
Rationale: Lithium levels are influenced by sodium intake. Low
sodium can increase the risk of lithium toxicity.
7. Which of the following is the most common side effect of
antihistamines?
A. Diarrhea
B. Drowsiness
C. Increased heart rate
D. Increased blood pressure
Answer: B) Drowsiness
Rationale: Many antihistamines, particularly first-generation agents
like diphenhydramine, cause drowsiness as they cross the blood-
brain barrier and block histamine receptors in the brain.
8. Which of the following medications is considered a first-line
treatment for a patient with hypertension and heart failure?
A. Beta-blockers
B. Calcium channel blockers
, C. Diuretics
D. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
Answer: D) Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
Rationale: ACE inhibitors are a cornerstone of treatment for both
hypertension and heart failure. They help to reduce blood pressure
and improve heart function by blocking the conversion of
angiotensin I to angiotensin II, reducing vasoconstriction.
9. A nurse is caring for a patient receiving intravenous ceftriaxone.
Which of the following is a potential side effect of this antibiotic?
A. Seizures
B. Nephrotoxicity
C. Stevens-Johnson syndrome
D. Ototoxicity
Answer: B) Nephrotoxicity
Rationale: Ceftriaxone, like other cephalosporins, can cause
nephrotoxicity, especially in patients with preexisting kidney
problems. Monitoring renal function is essential
10. A patient has been prescribed azithromycin. The nurse should
teach the patient to take the medication in which of the following
ways?
A. "Take the medication with food to reduce gastrointestinal
irritation."
B. "Take the medication with a full glass of water on an empty
stomach."
C. "Take the medication with milk to enhance absorption."
D. "Take the medication just before bedtime for better effectiveness."
Answer: B) "Take the medication with a full glass of water on an
empty stomach."
Rationale: Azithromycin is most effectively absorbed when taken on
an empty stomach, typically 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals.
Milk can interfere with absorption, so it is not recommended.
11. A patient with diabetes is prescribed an SGLT-2 inhibitor. What
is the most common side effect associated with this drug class?
A. Hypoglycemia
B. Dehydration
C. Hyperkalemia
D. Weight loss
Answer: B) Dehydration
Rationale: SGLT-2 inhibitors increase urinary glucose excretion,
