1. The first-line treatment for febrile seizures is:
A. Phenobarbital
B. Diazepam
C. Antipyretics
D. Immediate EEG
Answer: C) Antipyretics
Rationale: Febrile seizures are usually benign and self-limiting.
2. What is the primary treatment for severe dehydration due
to diarrhea in a child?
A. Antibiotics
B. Intravenous fluids
C. Oral rehydration therapy (ORT)
D. Antidiarrheal medications
Answer: C) Oral rehydration therapy (ORT)
Rationale: ORT is the treatment of choice for most cases of
dehydration. Severe cases may require IV fluids.
3. The first-line treatment for Kawasaki disease is:
A. Corticosteroids
B. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG)
C. Aspirin only
D. Antibiotics
Answer: B) Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG)
Rationale: IVIG combined with aspirin is the mainstay treatment
for Kawasaki disease to reduce inflammation and prevent coronary
artery complications.
4. The most common cause of acute gastroenteritis in children
worldwide is:
A. Norovirus
B. Rotavirus
C. Salmonella
D. Escherichia coli
Answer: B) Rotavirus
Rationale: Rotavirus is the leading cause of acute diarrhea in
children, especially in developing countries, and is preventable by
, vaccination.
5. A child with a "barking cough" and inspiratory stridor likely
has:
A. Asthma
B. Epiglottitis
C. Croup
D. Foreign body aspiration
Answer: C) Croup
Rationale: Croup, caused by parainfluenza virus, presents with a
barking cough and stridor due to inflammation of the upper airway.
6. What is the most common cause of bronchiolitis in infants?
A. Influenza virus
B. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
C. Adenovirus
D. Parainfluenza virus
Answer: B) Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
Rationale: RSV is the leading cause of bronchiolitis in children
under two years of age, leading to airway inflammation and
obstruction.
7. At what age does the anterior fontanelle typically close?
A. 2-4 months
B. 6-8 months
C. 12-18 months
D. 24-30 months
Answer: C) 12-18 months
Rationale: The anterior fontanelle usually closes between 12 to 18
months of age. Delayed closure may indicate conditions like
hypothyroidism or increased intracranial pressure.
8. Which vaccine is contraindicated in a child with severe
immunodeficiency?
A. Hepatitis B vaccine
B. Inactivated polio vaccine (IPV)
C. Measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine
D. Diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTaP) vaccine
Answer: C) Measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine
A. Phenobarbital
B. Diazepam
C. Antipyretics
D. Immediate EEG
Answer: C) Antipyretics
Rationale: Febrile seizures are usually benign and self-limiting.
2. What is the primary treatment for severe dehydration due
to diarrhea in a child?
A. Antibiotics
B. Intravenous fluids
C. Oral rehydration therapy (ORT)
D. Antidiarrheal medications
Answer: C) Oral rehydration therapy (ORT)
Rationale: ORT is the treatment of choice for most cases of
dehydration. Severe cases may require IV fluids.
3. The first-line treatment for Kawasaki disease is:
A. Corticosteroids
B. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG)
C. Aspirin only
D. Antibiotics
Answer: B) Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG)
Rationale: IVIG combined with aspirin is the mainstay treatment
for Kawasaki disease to reduce inflammation and prevent coronary
artery complications.
4. The most common cause of acute gastroenteritis in children
worldwide is:
A. Norovirus
B. Rotavirus
C. Salmonella
D. Escherichia coli
Answer: B) Rotavirus
Rationale: Rotavirus is the leading cause of acute diarrhea in
children, especially in developing countries, and is preventable by
, vaccination.
5. A child with a "barking cough" and inspiratory stridor likely
has:
A. Asthma
B. Epiglottitis
C. Croup
D. Foreign body aspiration
Answer: C) Croup
Rationale: Croup, caused by parainfluenza virus, presents with a
barking cough and stridor due to inflammation of the upper airway.
6. What is the most common cause of bronchiolitis in infants?
A. Influenza virus
B. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
C. Adenovirus
D. Parainfluenza virus
Answer: B) Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
Rationale: RSV is the leading cause of bronchiolitis in children
under two years of age, leading to airway inflammation and
obstruction.
7. At what age does the anterior fontanelle typically close?
A. 2-4 months
B. 6-8 months
C. 12-18 months
D. 24-30 months
Answer: C) 12-18 months
Rationale: The anterior fontanelle usually closes between 12 to 18
months of age. Delayed closure may indicate conditions like
hypothyroidism or increased intracranial pressure.
8. Which vaccine is contraindicated in a child with severe
immunodeficiency?
A. Hepatitis B vaccine
B. Inactivated polio vaccine (IPV)
C. Measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine
D. Diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTaP) vaccine
Answer: C) Measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine
