1. The first-line treatment for Kawasaki disease is:
A. Corticosteroids
B. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG)
C. Aspirin only
D. Antibiotics
Answer: B) Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG)
Rationale: IVIG combined with aspirin is the mainstay treatment
for Kawasaki disease to reduce inflammation and prevent coronary
artery complications.
2. A 2-month-old presents with a fever, irritability, and bulging
fontanelle. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Meningitis
B. Hydrocephalus
C. Dehydration
D. Subdural hematoma
Answer: A) Meningitis
Rationale: Bulging fontanelle, fever, and irritability in an infant are
hallmark signs of meningitis, requiring immediate medical
intervention.
3. Which of the following is a hallmark sign of measles?
A. Vesicular rash
B. Koplik spots
C. Strawberry tongue
D. Target lesions
Answer: B) Koplik spots
Rationale: Koplik spots are small, white lesions on the buccal
mucosa, pathognomonic for measles, preceding the rash.
4. At what age does the anterior fontanelle typically close?
A. 2-4 months
B. 6-8 months
C. 12-18 months
D. 24-30 months
Answer: C) 12-18 months
Rationale: The anterior fontanelle usually closes between 12 to 18
, months of age. Delayed closure may indicate conditions like
hypothyroidism or increased intracranial pressure.
5. Which vaccine is contraindicated in a child with severe
immunodeficiency?
A. Hepatitis B vaccine
B. Inactivated polio vaccine (IPV)
C. Measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine
D. Diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTaP) vaccine
Answer: C) Measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine
Rationale: Live vaccines, like MMR, are contraindicated in children
with severe immunodeficiency due to the risk of vaccine-strain
infection.
6. The first-line treatment for febrile seizures is:
A. Phenobarbital
B. Diazepam
C. Antipyretics
D. Immediate EEG
Answer: C) Antipyretics
Rationale: Febrile seizures are usually benign and self-limiting.
7. The most common cause of acute gastroenteritis in children
worldwide is:
A. Norovirus
B. Rotavirus
C. Salmonella
D. Escherichia coli
Answer: B) Rotavirus
Rationale: Rotavirus is the leading cause of acute diarrhea in
children, especially in developing countries, and is preventable by
vaccination.
8. A child with a "barking cough" and inspiratory stridor likely
has:
A. Asthma
B. Epiglottitis
C. Croup
D. Foreign body aspiration
A. Corticosteroids
B. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG)
C. Aspirin only
D. Antibiotics
Answer: B) Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG)
Rationale: IVIG combined with aspirin is the mainstay treatment
for Kawasaki disease to reduce inflammation and prevent coronary
artery complications.
2. A 2-month-old presents with a fever, irritability, and bulging
fontanelle. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Meningitis
B. Hydrocephalus
C. Dehydration
D. Subdural hematoma
Answer: A) Meningitis
Rationale: Bulging fontanelle, fever, and irritability in an infant are
hallmark signs of meningitis, requiring immediate medical
intervention.
3. Which of the following is a hallmark sign of measles?
A. Vesicular rash
B. Koplik spots
C. Strawberry tongue
D. Target lesions
Answer: B) Koplik spots
Rationale: Koplik spots are small, white lesions on the buccal
mucosa, pathognomonic for measles, preceding the rash.
4. At what age does the anterior fontanelle typically close?
A. 2-4 months
B. 6-8 months
C. 12-18 months
D. 24-30 months
Answer: C) 12-18 months
Rationale: The anterior fontanelle usually closes between 12 to 18
, months of age. Delayed closure may indicate conditions like
hypothyroidism or increased intracranial pressure.
5. Which vaccine is contraindicated in a child with severe
immunodeficiency?
A. Hepatitis B vaccine
B. Inactivated polio vaccine (IPV)
C. Measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine
D. Diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTaP) vaccine
Answer: C) Measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine
Rationale: Live vaccines, like MMR, are contraindicated in children
with severe immunodeficiency due to the risk of vaccine-strain
infection.
6. The first-line treatment for febrile seizures is:
A. Phenobarbital
B. Diazepam
C. Antipyretics
D. Immediate EEG
Answer: C) Antipyretics
Rationale: Febrile seizures are usually benign and self-limiting.
7. The most common cause of acute gastroenteritis in children
worldwide is:
A. Norovirus
B. Rotavirus
C. Salmonella
D. Escherichia coli
Answer: B) Rotavirus
Rationale: Rotavirus is the leading cause of acute diarrhea in
children, especially in developing countries, and is preventable by
vaccination.
8. A child with a "barking cough" and inspiratory stridor likely
has:
A. Asthma
B. Epiglottitis
C. Croup
D. Foreign body aspiration
