1. What is the primary treatment for scabies in children?
A. Oral ivermectin
B. Permethrin cream
C. Benzoyl peroxide
D. Antihistamines
Answer: B. Permethrin cream
Rationale: Permethrin cream is the first-line treatment for scabies,
applied topically to affected areas.
2. What is the first-line treatment for febrile seizures?
A. Antipyretics
B. Antiepileptics
C. Antibiotics
D. Corticosteroids
Answer: A. Antipyretics
Rationale: Febrile seizures are typically benign. Managing fever
with antipyretics and treating the underlying infection is sufficient.
3. What is the most common cause of gastroenteritis in children
worldwide?
A. Norovirus
B. Rotavirus
C. Adenovirus
D. Salmonella
Answer: B. Rotavirus
Rationale: Rotavirus is the leading cause of severe diarrhea in
children, particularly in developing countries.
4. What is the typical treatment for patent ductus arteriosus
(PDA) in a preterm infant?
A. Prostaglandin E1
B. Indomethacin or ibuprofen
C. Digoxin
D. Diuretics
Answer: B. Indomethacin or ibuprofen
Rationale: NSAIDs such as indomethacin or ibuprofen inhibit
prostaglandins, promoting closure of the PDA.
, 5. Which of the following findings is consistent with Turner
syndrome?
A. Macroorchidism
B. Webbed neck
C. Cafe-au-lait spots
D. Tall stature
Answer: B. Webbed neck
Rationale: Turner syndrome (45, XO) is characterized by a webbed
neck, short stature, and ovarian dysgenesis.
6. Which vaccine is contraindicated in a child with severe
combined immunodeficiency (SCID)?
A. Hepatitis B
B. Rotavirus
C. Influenza (inactivated)
D. DTaP
Answer: B. Rotavirus
Rationale: Rotavirus is a live attenuated vaccine and is
contraindicated in immunocompromised children like those with
SCID.
7. Which sign is most indicative of dehydration in an infant?
A. Tachycardia
B. Sunken fontanelle
C. Increased capillary refill time
D. All of the above
Answer: D. All of the above
Rationale: Tachycardia, a sunken fontanelle, and prolonged
capillary refill time are key indicators of dehydration in infants.
8. At what age should an infant receive their first dose of the
measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine?
A. 6 months
B. 9 months
C. 12 months
D. 15 months
Answer: C. 12 months
Rationale: The MMR vaccine is routinely administered at 12
A. Oral ivermectin
B. Permethrin cream
C. Benzoyl peroxide
D. Antihistamines
Answer: B. Permethrin cream
Rationale: Permethrin cream is the first-line treatment for scabies,
applied topically to affected areas.
2. What is the first-line treatment for febrile seizures?
A. Antipyretics
B. Antiepileptics
C. Antibiotics
D. Corticosteroids
Answer: A. Antipyretics
Rationale: Febrile seizures are typically benign. Managing fever
with antipyretics and treating the underlying infection is sufficient.
3. What is the most common cause of gastroenteritis in children
worldwide?
A. Norovirus
B. Rotavirus
C. Adenovirus
D. Salmonella
Answer: B. Rotavirus
Rationale: Rotavirus is the leading cause of severe diarrhea in
children, particularly in developing countries.
4. What is the typical treatment for patent ductus arteriosus
(PDA) in a preterm infant?
A. Prostaglandin E1
B. Indomethacin or ibuprofen
C. Digoxin
D. Diuretics
Answer: B. Indomethacin or ibuprofen
Rationale: NSAIDs such as indomethacin or ibuprofen inhibit
prostaglandins, promoting closure of the PDA.
, 5. Which of the following findings is consistent with Turner
syndrome?
A. Macroorchidism
B. Webbed neck
C. Cafe-au-lait spots
D. Tall stature
Answer: B. Webbed neck
Rationale: Turner syndrome (45, XO) is characterized by a webbed
neck, short stature, and ovarian dysgenesis.
6. Which vaccine is contraindicated in a child with severe
combined immunodeficiency (SCID)?
A. Hepatitis B
B. Rotavirus
C. Influenza (inactivated)
D. DTaP
Answer: B. Rotavirus
Rationale: Rotavirus is a live attenuated vaccine and is
contraindicated in immunocompromised children like those with
SCID.
7. Which sign is most indicative of dehydration in an infant?
A. Tachycardia
B. Sunken fontanelle
C. Increased capillary refill time
D. All of the above
Answer: D. All of the above
Rationale: Tachycardia, a sunken fontanelle, and prolonged
capillary refill time are key indicators of dehydration in infants.
8. At what age should an infant receive their first dose of the
measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine?
A. 6 months
B. 9 months
C. 12 months
D. 15 months
Answer: C. 12 months
Rationale: The MMR vaccine is routinely administered at 12
