1. What is the most common cause of acute bronchiolitis in
infants?
A. Influenza virus
B. Parainfluenza virus
C. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
D. Adenovirus
Answer: C. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
Rationale: RSV is the most common cause of bronchiolitis in infants,
characterized by wheezing and respiratory distress.
2. Which of the following is the most common type of
childhood leukemia?
A. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML)
B. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)
C. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)
D. Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)
Answer: B. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)
Rationale: ALL is the most common leukemia in children,
accounting for approximately 75% of pediatric leukemia cases.
3. Which condition is associated with "strawberry tongue"?
A. Kawasaki disease
B. Scarlet fever
C. Toxic shock syndrome
D. All of the above
Answer: D. All of the above
Rationale: Strawberry tongue is seen in Kawasaki disease, scarlet
fever, and toxic shock syndrome.
4. Which test is used to diagnose developmental dysplasia of
the hip in newborns?
A. Ortolani test
B. Gower test
C. Trendelenburg test
D. Babinski test
Answer: A. Ortolani test
Rationale: The Ortolani test assesses hip stability in newborns,
, detecting dislocation or instability.
5. What is the most common cyanotic congenital heart defect?
A. Tetralogy of Fallot
B. Transposition of the great arteries
C. Tricuspid atresia
D. Total anomalous pulmonary venous return
Answer: A. Tetralogy of Fallot
Rationale: Tetralogy of Fallot is the most common cyanotic
congenital heart defect, featuring a VSD, overriding aorta,
pulmonary stenosis, and right ventricular hypertrophy.
6. What is the primary cause of sudden infant death syndrome
(SIDS)?
A. Viral infection
B. Prone sleeping position
C. Formula feeding
D. Vaccination
Answer: B. Prone sleeping position
Rationale: Prone sleeping increases the risk of SIDS. Supine
sleeping is recommended to reduce risk.
7. A 5-year-old has a painless limp and limited hip motion.
What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Developmental dysplasia of the hip
B. Transient synovitis
C. Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease
D. Slipped capital femoral epiphysis
Answer: C. Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease
Rationale: Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease involves avascular necrosis
of the femoral head, causing a painless limp and restricted hip
movement.
8. What is the most common complication of untreated otitis
media?
A. Mastoiditis
B. Sinusitis
C. Meningitis
D. Hearing loss
infants?
A. Influenza virus
B. Parainfluenza virus
C. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
D. Adenovirus
Answer: C. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
Rationale: RSV is the most common cause of bronchiolitis in infants,
characterized by wheezing and respiratory distress.
2. Which of the following is the most common type of
childhood leukemia?
A. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML)
B. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)
C. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)
D. Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)
Answer: B. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)
Rationale: ALL is the most common leukemia in children,
accounting for approximately 75% of pediatric leukemia cases.
3. Which condition is associated with "strawberry tongue"?
A. Kawasaki disease
B. Scarlet fever
C. Toxic shock syndrome
D. All of the above
Answer: D. All of the above
Rationale: Strawberry tongue is seen in Kawasaki disease, scarlet
fever, and toxic shock syndrome.
4. Which test is used to diagnose developmental dysplasia of
the hip in newborns?
A. Ortolani test
B. Gower test
C. Trendelenburg test
D. Babinski test
Answer: A. Ortolani test
Rationale: The Ortolani test assesses hip stability in newborns,
, detecting dislocation or instability.
5. What is the most common cyanotic congenital heart defect?
A. Tetralogy of Fallot
B. Transposition of the great arteries
C. Tricuspid atresia
D. Total anomalous pulmonary venous return
Answer: A. Tetralogy of Fallot
Rationale: Tetralogy of Fallot is the most common cyanotic
congenital heart defect, featuring a VSD, overriding aorta,
pulmonary stenosis, and right ventricular hypertrophy.
6. What is the primary cause of sudden infant death syndrome
(SIDS)?
A. Viral infection
B. Prone sleeping position
C. Formula feeding
D. Vaccination
Answer: B. Prone sleeping position
Rationale: Prone sleeping increases the risk of SIDS. Supine
sleeping is recommended to reduce risk.
7. A 5-year-old has a painless limp and limited hip motion.
What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Developmental dysplasia of the hip
B. Transient synovitis
C. Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease
D. Slipped capital femoral epiphysis
Answer: C. Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease
Rationale: Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease involves avascular necrosis
of the femoral head, causing a painless limp and restricted hip
movement.
8. What is the most common complication of untreated otitis
media?
A. Mastoiditis
B. Sinusitis
C. Meningitis
D. Hearing loss
