ii b b ii
Neuron is composed of ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
dendrite, cell body (middle portion of neuron) , axon ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
densely packed cell bodies (of the neuron, which is middle part) in the CNS are called
ii
nuclei
ii ii ii
nucleus located in CNS ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
densely packed cell bodies in the PNS are called
Ganglia ii ii
What are dendrites? ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
Receptive portions of the neuron; receives incoming information, senses external stimuli
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
then sends signal to cell body of the neuron
ii ii ii
What do axons do? ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
Carry impulses away from the cell body to the affector or to another neuron. action
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
potential starts here because lowest threshold for stimulation
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
is membrane potential about the inside of the cell or the outside?
ii ii ii
inside of the cell ii ii ii ii
what is an electrochemical gradient? ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
describes the forces affect on ion movement if allowed to become a permeable membrane
ii ii ii ii
which way the ion moves ii ii ii ii
when does action potential start? ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
when a membrane is depolarized enough that it triggers voltage-gated ion channels
ii ii ii ii
What is a graded potential? ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
changes in membrane potential that decreases over distance
ii ii ii ii ii ii
rather the inside is - or + ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
resting state of the membrane is related to an imbalance of ions, maintained by ion pumps,
ii ii ii ii
and a decrease in? ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
permeability Na channells are closing reducing amount of Na availabel to change the
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
inside charge to allow for depolarization (resting potential) refractory period ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
polarizatoin or seperation of ions and charges create an electrical potential.
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
i
separation causes polarization and a separation causes
depolarization. ii ii
increase in separation
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
decrease in separation (ions are closer together, become stronger and can cause an
ii ii ii ii
action potential through depolarization)
ii ii ii ii ii
signals are conveyed through this polar
, ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
membrane polarization refers to the of the cell where it is more negative?
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
the difference is found at the membrane, not the whole cell. what ions cause this
ii
difference? ii ii ii
inside ICF, ICF= - ii
ECF= +
ii ii ii ii ii ii
Na, K. Mostly its caused from Na
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
true or false, not all depolarization leads to an actions potential?
True ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
the gradient potential may not be able to create enough to self sustain movement which is
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
termed a local event, depolarization can occur but not lead to an action potential
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
Action potentials are self sustaining movement of a signal (stimuli) down a membrane.
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
moving a membrane potential from -70mV to -50mV would be considered depolarization or
ii
polarization? ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
Depolarization because they are becoming less separated, closer together or less different
ii ii ii ii
the charges are getting closer
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
if a membrane is deplolarized enough to trigger
ii ii
, an action potential ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
starts. which the minimum needed for an action potential to occur is called the
ii
ii ii
voltage gated channels
threshold
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
(epinephrine and acytelcholine triggers the opening of these channels thus making them
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
more permeable to Na and K to move in and out. ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
ii
is a brief/temporary change in membrane potential that will decrease
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
over time. can be hyperpolarization or depolarization depending on if they are occuring at
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
the same time because of this occurs they will cancel each other out. (magnitude variant).
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
Ion channels can open by chemical influence (epi, acetylcholine ) or by electrical potentials
ii
graded potentials ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
ii
look alike, they are all or none events, proceed the same way , proceed
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
without decrement (not diminishing over time) and followed by a refractory period?
ii
Action potential ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
ii
is when the membrane rests after so many action potentials , needs to
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
reset, and at his point, is unable to create another action potential?
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
ii
is when the membrane can generate an action potential but is very
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
difficult to do so, is some opening of the K gates where it can be too hyperpolarized.
ii ii
absolute refractory period
ii ii
relative refractory period
usually ii
Neuron is composed of ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
dendrite, cell body (middle portion of neuron) , axon ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
densely packed cell bodies (of the neuron, which is middle part) in the CNS are called
ii
nuclei
ii ii ii
nucleus located in CNS ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
densely packed cell bodies in the PNS are called
Ganglia ii ii
What are dendrites? ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
Receptive portions of the neuron; receives incoming information, senses external stimuli
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
then sends signal to cell body of the neuron
ii ii ii
What do axons do? ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
Carry impulses away from the cell body to the affector or to another neuron. action
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
potential starts here because lowest threshold for stimulation
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
is membrane potential about the inside of the cell or the outside?
ii ii ii
inside of the cell ii ii ii ii
what is an electrochemical gradient? ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
describes the forces affect on ion movement if allowed to become a permeable membrane
ii ii ii ii
which way the ion moves ii ii ii ii
when does action potential start? ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
when a membrane is depolarized enough that it triggers voltage-gated ion channels
ii ii ii ii
What is a graded potential? ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
changes in membrane potential that decreases over distance
ii ii ii ii ii ii
rather the inside is - or + ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
resting state of the membrane is related to an imbalance of ions, maintained by ion pumps,
ii ii ii ii
and a decrease in? ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
permeability Na channells are closing reducing amount of Na availabel to change the
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
inside charge to allow for depolarization (resting potential) refractory period ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
polarizatoin or seperation of ions and charges create an electrical potential.
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
i
separation causes polarization and a separation causes
depolarization. ii ii
increase in separation
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
decrease in separation (ions are closer together, become stronger and can cause an
ii ii ii ii
action potential through depolarization)
ii ii ii ii ii
signals are conveyed through this polar
, ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
membrane polarization refers to the of the cell where it is more negative?
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
the difference is found at the membrane, not the whole cell. what ions cause this
ii
difference? ii ii ii
inside ICF, ICF= - ii
ECF= +
ii ii ii ii ii ii
Na, K. Mostly its caused from Na
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
true or false, not all depolarization leads to an actions potential?
True ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
the gradient potential may not be able to create enough to self sustain movement which is
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
termed a local event, depolarization can occur but not lead to an action potential
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
Action potentials are self sustaining movement of a signal (stimuli) down a membrane.
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
moving a membrane potential from -70mV to -50mV would be considered depolarization or
ii
polarization? ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
Depolarization because they are becoming less separated, closer together or less different
ii ii ii ii
the charges are getting closer
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
if a membrane is deplolarized enough to trigger
ii ii
, an action potential ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
starts. which the minimum needed for an action potential to occur is called the
ii
ii ii
voltage gated channels
threshold
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
(epinephrine and acytelcholine triggers the opening of these channels thus making them
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
more permeable to Na and K to move in and out. ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
ii
is a brief/temporary change in membrane potential that will decrease
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
over time. can be hyperpolarization or depolarization depending on if they are occuring at
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
the same time because of this occurs they will cancel each other out. (magnitude variant).
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
Ion channels can open by chemical influence (epi, acetylcholine ) or by electrical potentials
ii
graded potentials ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
ii
look alike, they are all or none events, proceed the same way , proceed
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
without decrement (not diminishing over time) and followed by a refractory period?
ii
Action potential ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
ii
is when the membrane rests after so many action potentials , needs to
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
reset, and at his point, is unable to create another action potential?
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
ii
is when the membrane can generate an action potential but is very
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
difficult to do so, is some opening of the K gates where it can be too hyperpolarized.
ii ii
absolute refractory period
ii ii
relative refractory period
usually ii
