Third Edition
Echocardiography
Board Review
600 Multiple Choice Questions
with Discussion
Ramdas G. Pai * Padmini Varadarajan
WILEY
,Downloaded from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/ by ibrahim ragab - Oregon Health & Science Univer , Wiley Online Library on [06/12/2024]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commons License
Echocardiography
Board Review
, Downloaded from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/ by ibrahim ragab - Oregon Health & Science Univer , Wiley Online Library on [06/12/2024]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commons License
Echocardiography
Board Review
600 Multiple Choice
Questions with Discussion
Third Edition
Ramdas G. Pai, MD, FACC, FRCP (Edin)
Professor of Medicine
California University of Science and Medicine
Colton, CA, USA
Chief of Cardiology and Director Cardiovascular Training Fellowship
Arrowhead Regional Medical Center
Colton, CA, USA
Professor and Chair Emeritus Medicine and Clinical Sciences
University of California Riverside School of Medicine
Riverside, CA, USA
Padmini Varadarajan, MD
Professor of Medicine
California University of Science and Medicine
Colton, CA, USA
Associate Program Director Cardiovascular Training Fellowship
Arrowhead Regional Medical Center
Colton, CA, USA
Professor Emeritus
University of California Riverside School of Medicine
Riverside, CA, USA
, Downloaded from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/ by ibrahim ragab - Oregon Health & Science Univer , Wiley Online Library on [06/12/2024]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commons License
This edition first published 2025
© 2025 by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Edition History
John Wiley & Sons Ltd (1e, 2008), John Wiley & Sons Ltd (2e, 2014)
All rights reserved, including rights for text and data mining and training of artificial intelligence technologies
or similar technologies. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or
transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except
as permitted by law. Advice on how to obtain permission to reuse material from this title is available at
http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions.
The right of Ramdas G. Pai and Padmini Varadarajan be identified as the authors of this work has been a sserted
in accordance with law.
Registered Offices
John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
John Wiley & Sons Ltd, New Era House, 8 Oldlands Way, Bognor Regis, West Sussex, PO22 9NQ
For details of our global editorial offices, customer services, and more information about Wiley products visit us
at www.wiley.com.
Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats and by print-on-demand. Some content that
appears in standard print versions of this book may not be available in other formats.
Trademarks: Wiley and the Wiley logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
and/or its affiliates in the United States and other countries and may not be used without written permission.
All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. is not associated
with any product or vendor mentioned in this book.
Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty
While the publisher and authors have used their best efforts in preparing this work, they make no
representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this work and
specifically disclaim all warranties, including without limitation any implied warranties of merchantability or
fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives, written sales
materials or promotional statements for this work. This work is sold with the understanding that the publisher
is not engaged in rendering professional services. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be
suitable for your situation. You should consult with a specialist where appropriate. The fact that an organization,
website, or product is referred to in this work as a citation and/or potential source of further information does
not mean that the publisher and authors endorse the information or services the organization, website, or
product may provide or recommendations it may make. Further, readers should be aware that websites listed in
this work may have changed or disappeared between when this work was written and when it is read. Neither
the publisher nor authors shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but
not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Pai, Ramdas G., author. | Varadarajan, Padmini, author.
Title: Echocardiography board review : 600 multiple choice questions with
discussion / Ramdas G Pai, Padmini Varadarajan.
Description: Third edition. | Hoboken, NJ : Wiley, 2025.
Identifiers: LCCN 2024041138 (print) | LCCN 2024041139 (ebook) | ISBN
9781119812739 (paperback) | ISBN 9781119812746 (adobe pdf) | ISBN
9781119812753 (epub)
Subjects: MESH: Echocardiography | Examination Questions
Classification: LCC RC683.5.U5 (print) | LCC RC683.5.U5 (ebook) | NLM WG
18.2 | DDC 616.1/2075430076–dc23/eng/20241101
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2024041138
LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2024041139
Cover Design: Wiley
Cover Images: © kalewa/Shutterstock, © Panda Vector/Shutterstock
Set in 9/11pt PalatinoLTStd by Straive, Pondicherry, India
Echocardiography
Board Review
600 Multiple Choice Questions
with Discussion
Ramdas G. Pai * Padmini Varadarajan
WILEY
,Downloaded from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/ by ibrahim ragab - Oregon Health & Science Univer , Wiley Online Library on [06/12/2024]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commons License
Echocardiography
Board Review
, Downloaded from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/ by ibrahim ragab - Oregon Health & Science Univer , Wiley Online Library on [06/12/2024]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commons License
Echocardiography
Board Review
600 Multiple Choice
Questions with Discussion
Third Edition
Ramdas G. Pai, MD, FACC, FRCP (Edin)
Professor of Medicine
California University of Science and Medicine
Colton, CA, USA
Chief of Cardiology and Director Cardiovascular Training Fellowship
Arrowhead Regional Medical Center
Colton, CA, USA
Professor and Chair Emeritus Medicine and Clinical Sciences
University of California Riverside School of Medicine
Riverside, CA, USA
Padmini Varadarajan, MD
Professor of Medicine
California University of Science and Medicine
Colton, CA, USA
Associate Program Director Cardiovascular Training Fellowship
Arrowhead Regional Medical Center
Colton, CA, USA
Professor Emeritus
University of California Riverside School of Medicine
Riverside, CA, USA
, Downloaded from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/ by ibrahim ragab - Oregon Health & Science Univer , Wiley Online Library on [06/12/2024]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commons License
This edition first published 2025
© 2025 by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Edition History
John Wiley & Sons Ltd (1e, 2008), John Wiley & Sons Ltd (2e, 2014)
All rights reserved, including rights for text and data mining and training of artificial intelligence technologies
or similar technologies. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or
transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except
as permitted by law. Advice on how to obtain permission to reuse material from this title is available at
http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions.
The right of Ramdas G. Pai and Padmini Varadarajan be identified as the authors of this work has been a sserted
in accordance with law.
Registered Offices
John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
John Wiley & Sons Ltd, New Era House, 8 Oldlands Way, Bognor Regis, West Sussex, PO22 9NQ
For details of our global editorial offices, customer services, and more information about Wiley products visit us
at www.wiley.com.
Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats and by print-on-demand. Some content that
appears in standard print versions of this book may not be available in other formats.
Trademarks: Wiley and the Wiley logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
and/or its affiliates in the United States and other countries and may not be used without written permission.
All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. is not associated
with any product or vendor mentioned in this book.
Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty
While the publisher and authors have used their best efforts in preparing this work, they make no
representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this work and
specifically disclaim all warranties, including without limitation any implied warranties of merchantability or
fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives, written sales
materials or promotional statements for this work. This work is sold with the understanding that the publisher
is not engaged in rendering professional services. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be
suitable for your situation. You should consult with a specialist where appropriate. The fact that an organization,
website, or product is referred to in this work as a citation and/or potential source of further information does
not mean that the publisher and authors endorse the information or services the organization, website, or
product may provide or recommendations it may make. Further, readers should be aware that websites listed in
this work may have changed or disappeared between when this work was written and when it is read. Neither
the publisher nor authors shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but
not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Pai, Ramdas G., author. | Varadarajan, Padmini, author.
Title: Echocardiography board review : 600 multiple choice questions with
discussion / Ramdas G Pai, Padmini Varadarajan.
Description: Third edition. | Hoboken, NJ : Wiley, 2025.
Identifiers: LCCN 2024041138 (print) | LCCN 2024041139 (ebook) | ISBN
9781119812739 (paperback) | ISBN 9781119812746 (adobe pdf) | ISBN
9781119812753 (epub)
Subjects: MESH: Echocardiography | Examination Questions
Classification: LCC RC683.5.U5 (print) | LCC RC683.5.U5 (ebook) | NLM WG
18.2 | DDC 616.1/2075430076–dc23/eng/20241101
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2024041138
LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2024041139
Cover Design: Wiley
Cover Images: © kalewa/Shutterstock, © Panda Vector/Shutterstock
Set in 9/11pt PalatinoLTStd by Straive, Pondicherry, India
