ACS BIOCHEM Exam 2025
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Henderson-Hasselbach Equation
pH = pKa + log ([A-] / [HA])
FMOC Chemical Synthesis
Used in synthesis of a growing amino acid chain to a polystyrene bead. FMOC is used
as a protecting group on the N-terminus.
Salting Out (Purification)
Changes soluble protein to solid precipitate. Protein precipitates when the charges
on the protein match the charges in the solution.
Size-Exclusion Chromatography
Separates sample based on size with smaller molecules eluting later.
Ion-Exchange Chromatography
Separates sample based on charge. CM attracts +, DEAE attracts -. May have
repulsion effect on like charges. Salt or acid used to remove stuck proteins.
,Hydrophobic/Reverse Phase Chromatography
Beads are coated with a carbon chain. Hydrophobic proteins stick better. Elute with
non-H-bonding solvent (acetonitrile).
Affinity Chromatography
Attach a ligand that binds a protein to a bead. Elute with harsh chemicals or similar
ligand.
SDS-PAGE
Uses SDS. Gel is made from cross-linked polyacrylamide. Separates based off of mass
with smaller molecules moving faster. Visualized with Coomassie blue.
SDS
Sodium dodecyl sulfate. Unfolds proteins and gives them uniform negative charge.
Isoelectric Focusing
Variation of gel electrophoresis where protein charge matters. Involves electrodes
and pH gradient. Protein stops at their pI when neutral.
FDNB (1-fluoro-2,3-dinitrobenzene)
, FDNB reacts with the N-terminus of the protein to produce a 2,4-dinitrophenol
derivative that labels the first residue. Can repeat hydrolysis to determine sequential
amino acids.
DTT (dithiothreitol)
Reduces disulfide bonds.
Iodoacetate
Adds carboxymethyl group on free -SH groups. Blocks disulfide bonding.
Homologs
Shares 25% identity with another gene
Orthologs
Similar genes in different organisms
Paralogs
Similar "paired" genes in the same organism
Ramachandran Plot
Test Bank
Latest Update
Verified Exam Sets
5+ Exams
Up to Date Q&A
Complete Solution Package
,ACS BIOCHEMISTRY Test Bank
Henderson-Hasselbach Equation
pH = pKa + log ([A-] / [HA])
FMOC Chemical Synthesis
Used in synthesis of a growing amino acid chain to a polystyrene bead. FMOC is used
as a protecting group on the N-terminus.
Salting Out (Purification)
Changes soluble protein to solid precipitate. Protein precipitates when the charges
on the protein match the charges in the solution.
Size-Exclusion Chromatography
Separates sample based on size with smaller molecules eluting later.
Ion-Exchange Chromatography
Separates sample based on charge. CM attracts +, DEAE attracts -. May have
repulsion effect on like charges. Salt or acid used to remove stuck proteins.
,Hydrophobic/Reverse Phase Chromatography
Beads are coated with a carbon chain. Hydrophobic proteins stick better. Elute with
non-H-bonding solvent (acetonitrile).
Affinity Chromatography
Attach a ligand that binds a protein to a bead. Elute with harsh chemicals or similar
ligand.
SDS-PAGE
Uses SDS. Gel is made from cross-linked polyacrylamide. Separates based off of mass
with smaller molecules moving faster. Visualized with Coomassie blue.
SDS
Sodium dodecyl sulfate. Unfolds proteins and gives them uniform negative charge.
Isoelectric Focusing
Variation of gel electrophoresis where protein charge matters. Involves electrodes
and pH gradient. Protein stops at their pI when neutral.
FDNB (1-fluoro-2,3-dinitrobenzene)
, FDNB reacts with the N-terminus of the protein to produce a 2,4-dinitrophenol
derivative that labels the first residue. Can repeat hydrolysis to determine sequential
amino acids.
DTT (dithiothreitol)
Reduces disulfide bonds.
Iodoacetate
Adds carboxymethyl group on free -SH groups. Blocks disulfide bonding.
Homologs
Shares 25% identity with another gene
Orthologs
Similar genes in different organisms
Paralogs
Similar "paired" genes in the same organism
Ramachandran Plot
