PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

What is the process of copying a segment of DNA into mRNA called? Transcription Where does transcription occur in eukaryotic cells? In the nucleus What enzyme is responsible for synthesizing mRNA during transcription? RNA polymerase What is the complementary base to adenine in RNA? Uracil What happens during the process of translation? mRNA is used as a template to synthesize proteins Where does translation take place in the cell? In the ribosome What are the three main types of RNA involved in protein synthesis? mRNA, tRNA, rRNA What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis? It carries the genetic code from DNA to the ribosome What is the role of tRNA in protein synthesis? It brings amino acids to the ribosome What part of the tRNA binds to the codon on the mRNA? The anticodon What is the start codon and what amino acid does it code for? AUG; methionine What signals the termination of translation? Stop codons (UAA, UAG, UGA) What is the sequence of three nucleotides on mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid called? A codon What type of bond forms between amino acids during protein synthesis? Peptide bond What ensures the correct alignment of mRNA and tRNA during translation? Ribosome What is the process of removing introns and joining exons in a pre-mRNA called? Splicing What molecule is added to the 5' end of mRNA during processing? A 5' cap What is added to the 3' end of mRNA to stabilize it and prevent degradation? A poly-A tail What is the sequence of events in protein synthesis? Transcription → RNA processing → Translation What structure helps to fold and modify newly synthesized proteins? The rough endoplasmic reticulum What is the term for a series of ribosomes translating the same mRNA simultaneously? A polysome or polyribosome What ensures that protein synthesis stops once the protein is complete? Release factors bind to the stop codon What is the role of rRNA in protein synthesis? It forms the core structure of the ribosome and catalyzes peptide bond formation What is Protein Synthesis? The process of making proteins What is the function of mRNA? mRNA takes the code from DNA in the nucleus and translate that infromation into sets of codon What is the function of tRNA The RNA molecule that transfers amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis What is the protein manufactoring site of the cell? Ribosome What are the two steps of protein synthesis? 1. Transcription 2. Translation Transcription Process DNA to mRNA