Nurs 5315 UTA exam 1 Questions And
Answers
Atrophy - (correct answer) -E. Cells decrease in size
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P. Still functional
jk jk
Physiologic: thymus gland in early childhood
jk jk jk jk jk
Pathological: disuse (muscle atrophy) jk jk jk
Hypertrophy - (correct answer) -E. Increase in cell size
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
P. Increased workload
jk jk
Physiologic: weightlifting jk jk
Pathologic: cardiomegaly from HTN jk jk jk
Hyperplasia - (correct answer) -E. Increase in cell number
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
P. Increased cellular division
jk jk jk
Physiologic: liver regeneration jk jk
Pathologic: endometrial- usually r/t hormones
jk jk jk jk
Dysplasia - (correct answer) -E. Cells change in size, shape, organization
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
P. AKA atypical hyperplasia, a disorderly proliferation
jk jk jk jk jk jk
Physiologic: N/A jk
Pathologic: squamous dysplasia of cervix from HPV
jk jk jk jk jk jk
Metaplasia - (correct answer) -E. one cell type replaced with another
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
P. reprogramming of stem cells, reversible
jk jk jk jk jk
Physiologic: N/A jk
Pathologic: stratified squamous cells in bronchial lining r/t cigarette smoke
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
Hypoxia injury - (correct answer) -E. inadequate oxygenation of tissues
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
P. decrease in mitochondrial function, decreased production of ATP increases anaerobic metabolism.
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
eventual cell death.
jk jk jk
, C.M. hypoxia, cyanosis, cognitive impairment, lethargy
jk jk jk jk jk
Free radical and ROS - (correct answer) -E. normal byproduct of ATP production, will overwhelm the
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
mitochondria- exhaust intracellular antioxidants
jk jk jk jk
P. lipid peroxidation, damage proteins, fragment DNA
jk jk jk jk jk jk
C.M. development in Alzheimer's, heart disease, Parkinson's disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
Ethanol - (correct answer) -E. mood altering drug, long term effects on liver and nutritional status
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
P. metabolized by liver, generates free radicals
jk jk jk jk jk jk
C.M. CNS depression, nutrient deficiencies-Mag, Vit B6, thiamine, PO4, inflammation and fatty
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
infiltration of liver, hepatomegaly, leads to liver failure irreversible
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
Oncosis - (correct answer) -Na and H2O enter cell and cause swelling. Organ increases in weight,
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
becomes distended and pale. Associated with high fever, hypocalcemia, certain infections
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
Fatty Infiltration - (correct answer) -intracellular accumulation of lipids in the liver
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
liver fails to metabolize lipids. usually from ETOH or high fat diet. can lead to cirrhosis
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
dystrophic calcification - (correct answer) -accumulation of Ca in dead or dying tissues
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
calcium salt clump and harden- interfere with cellular structure and function
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
r/t pulmonary TB, atherosclerosis, injured heart valves, chronic pancreatitis
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
metastatic calcification - (correct answer) -accumulation of Ca in normal tissue
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
result of hypercalcemia r/t hyperparathyroidism, hyperthyroidism, toxic levels of Vit D. Can also r/t
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
hyperphosphatemia in renal failure
jk jk jk jk
urate accumulation - (correct answer) -sodium urate crystals are deposited in tissues- group of
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
disorders collectively called gout- acute arthritis, chronic gouty arthritis, tophus, nephritis
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
Coagulative Necrosis - (correct answer) -kidneys, heart, adrenals- secondary to hypoxia
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
Liquefactive Necrosis - (correct answer) -nerve cells- brain- accumulation of pusjk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
Caseous Necrosis - (correct answer) -lung disease- usually TB- tissue looks like clumped cheese
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
Fat Necrosis - (correct answer) -breast, pancreas, abdominal structures- creates soaps
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
Gangrenous Necrosis - (correct answer) -Dry- dark shriveled skin jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
Wet- internal organs- can lead to death
jk jk jk jk jk jk
Gas- from clostridium- antitoxins and hyperbaric therapy
jk jk jk jk jk jk
Gout - (correct answer) -E. disturbances in serum urate levels. uncommon for < 30 years old.
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
P. uric acid is deposited in the tissues of kidney, heart, earlobes, and joints.
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
Answers
Atrophy - (correct answer) -E. Cells decrease in size
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
P. Still functional
jk jk
Physiologic: thymus gland in early childhood
jk jk jk jk jk
Pathological: disuse (muscle atrophy) jk jk jk
Hypertrophy - (correct answer) -E. Increase in cell size
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
P. Increased workload
jk jk
Physiologic: weightlifting jk jk
Pathologic: cardiomegaly from HTN jk jk jk
Hyperplasia - (correct answer) -E. Increase in cell number
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
P. Increased cellular division
jk jk jk
Physiologic: liver regeneration jk jk
Pathologic: endometrial- usually r/t hormones
jk jk jk jk
Dysplasia - (correct answer) -E. Cells change in size, shape, organization
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
P. AKA atypical hyperplasia, a disorderly proliferation
jk jk jk jk jk jk
Physiologic: N/A jk
Pathologic: squamous dysplasia of cervix from HPV
jk jk jk jk jk jk
Metaplasia - (correct answer) -E. one cell type replaced with another
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
P. reprogramming of stem cells, reversible
jk jk jk jk jk
Physiologic: N/A jk
Pathologic: stratified squamous cells in bronchial lining r/t cigarette smoke
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
Hypoxia injury - (correct answer) -E. inadequate oxygenation of tissues
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
P. decrease in mitochondrial function, decreased production of ATP increases anaerobic metabolism.
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
eventual cell death.
jk jk jk
, C.M. hypoxia, cyanosis, cognitive impairment, lethargy
jk jk jk jk jk
Free radical and ROS - (correct answer) -E. normal byproduct of ATP production, will overwhelm the
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
mitochondria- exhaust intracellular antioxidants
jk jk jk jk
P. lipid peroxidation, damage proteins, fragment DNA
jk jk jk jk jk jk
C.M. development in Alzheimer's, heart disease, Parkinson's disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
Ethanol - (correct answer) -E. mood altering drug, long term effects on liver and nutritional status
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
P. metabolized by liver, generates free radicals
jk jk jk jk jk jk
C.M. CNS depression, nutrient deficiencies-Mag, Vit B6, thiamine, PO4, inflammation and fatty
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
infiltration of liver, hepatomegaly, leads to liver failure irreversible
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
Oncosis - (correct answer) -Na and H2O enter cell and cause swelling. Organ increases in weight,
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
becomes distended and pale. Associated with high fever, hypocalcemia, certain infections
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
Fatty Infiltration - (correct answer) -intracellular accumulation of lipids in the liver
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
liver fails to metabolize lipids. usually from ETOH or high fat diet. can lead to cirrhosis
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
dystrophic calcification - (correct answer) -accumulation of Ca in dead or dying tissues
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
calcium salt clump and harden- interfere with cellular structure and function
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
r/t pulmonary TB, atherosclerosis, injured heart valves, chronic pancreatitis
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
metastatic calcification - (correct answer) -accumulation of Ca in normal tissue
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
result of hypercalcemia r/t hyperparathyroidism, hyperthyroidism, toxic levels of Vit D. Can also r/t
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
hyperphosphatemia in renal failure
jk jk jk jk
urate accumulation - (correct answer) -sodium urate crystals are deposited in tissues- group of
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
disorders collectively called gout- acute arthritis, chronic gouty arthritis, tophus, nephritis
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
Coagulative Necrosis - (correct answer) -kidneys, heart, adrenals- secondary to hypoxia
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
Liquefactive Necrosis - (correct answer) -nerve cells- brain- accumulation of pusjk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
Caseous Necrosis - (correct answer) -lung disease- usually TB- tissue looks like clumped cheese
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
Fat Necrosis - (correct answer) -breast, pancreas, abdominal structures- creates soaps
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
Gangrenous Necrosis - (correct answer) -Dry- dark shriveled skin jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
Wet- internal organs- can lead to death
jk jk jk jk jk jk
Gas- from clostridium- antitoxins and hyperbaric therapy
jk jk jk jk jk jk
Gout - (correct answer) -E. disturbances in serum urate levels. uncommon for < 30 years old.
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
P. uric acid is deposited in the tissues of kidney, heart, earlobes, and joints.
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
