Cell Cycle Essential Cell Biology Chapter
18 Updated and 100% Verified.
Cell Cycle - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅✅1) Cell growth and chromosome replication
2) Chromosome segregation
3) Cell Division
M phase - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅✅•mitosis, cytokinesis
G1 phase - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅✅•protein synthesis, growth, decision about cell
division
S phase - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅✅•DNA synthesis
G2 phase - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅✅•protein synthesis in preparation for mitosis,
growth
Early Embryonic Cell Cycle - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅✅•Cell divisions in the early
embryo follow a modified cell cycle with no G phases and no expression of embryonic genes,
resulting in rapid cell divisions with no overall embryonic
growth.
Maternal Factors - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅✅•(in the yolk) sustain the embryo until the
mid-blastula transition, when G phases begin, cell division rates slow down, and the embryo
begins to grow in size
Cell Division Control System - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅✅•Regulates the events
necessary for progression through each phase of the cell cycle.
, •Involves specific cell division cycle proteins (Cdc) that are active only during specific phases
•The control system ensures that events related to progression through the cell division cycle
occur in the proper sequence
•At checkpoints in the cycle, the cell makes sure conditions are right for it to proceed to next
phase (determined by both internal and external signals)
Cyclins - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅✅•Regulatory subunits
Cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdk) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅✅•Catalytic subunits
•Only active when bound to cyclin
Active M-Cdk (mitotic Cdk) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅✅•Needed to trigger the events
related to mitosis:
-chromatin condensation
-nuclear envelope breakdown
-fragmentation of Golgi apparatus
-formation of the mitotic spindle
•Also know as the maturation promoting factor (MPF)
Chromatin condensation - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅✅•Phosphorylation of condensins
Nuclear envelope breakdown - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅✅•Phosphorylation of lamins
and nuclear pore complexes
18 Updated and 100% Verified.
Cell Cycle - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅✅1) Cell growth and chromosome replication
2) Chromosome segregation
3) Cell Division
M phase - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅✅•mitosis, cytokinesis
G1 phase - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅✅•protein synthesis, growth, decision about cell
division
S phase - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅✅•DNA synthesis
G2 phase - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅✅•protein synthesis in preparation for mitosis,
growth
Early Embryonic Cell Cycle - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅✅•Cell divisions in the early
embryo follow a modified cell cycle with no G phases and no expression of embryonic genes,
resulting in rapid cell divisions with no overall embryonic
growth.
Maternal Factors - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅✅•(in the yolk) sustain the embryo until the
mid-blastula transition, when G phases begin, cell division rates slow down, and the embryo
begins to grow in size
Cell Division Control System - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅✅•Regulates the events
necessary for progression through each phase of the cell cycle.
, •Involves specific cell division cycle proteins (Cdc) that are active only during specific phases
•The control system ensures that events related to progression through the cell division cycle
occur in the proper sequence
•At checkpoints in the cycle, the cell makes sure conditions are right for it to proceed to next
phase (determined by both internal and external signals)
Cyclins - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅✅•Regulatory subunits
Cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdk) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅✅•Catalytic subunits
•Only active when bound to cyclin
Active M-Cdk (mitotic Cdk) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅✅•Needed to trigger the events
related to mitosis:
-chromatin condensation
-nuclear envelope breakdown
-fragmentation of Golgi apparatus
-formation of the mitotic spindle
•Also know as the maturation promoting factor (MPF)
Chromatin condensation - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅✅•Phosphorylation of condensins
Nuclear envelope breakdown - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅✅•Phosphorylation of lamins
and nuclear pore complexes
