PATHOLOGY ASSISTANT ASCP EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024/25 EDITION GUARANTEED GRADE A+

PATHOLOGY ASSISTANT ASCP EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024/25 EDITION GUARANTEED GRADE A+ Erythema Muliforme "target" archer's bull's eye lesion Osler-Weber-Rendu Syndrome Port wine stain, mucus membranes with hemorrhage Angiosarcoma (hemangiosarcoma) Liver cancer with malignant vascular tumer from exposure to polyvinyl, arsenic and others Kaposi Sarcoma AIDS, red-purple macules lower extremities Pellagra B3 deficiency Megloblastic Anemia B12 (Neurologic dysfunction) Folic Acid (no neuro symptoms) Vitamin A Deficiency Night blindness and squamous metaplasia Berbiberi B1 deficiency Dry: Peripheral Neuropathy Wet: increased output, cardiac failure Marasmus Calorie/somatic protein deficient Kwashiorkor Visceral protein deficient Right Coronary Artery Posterior RV free wall and septum Posterior LV Left Circumflex (from left coronary: right dominant) LV lateral wall Left Anterior Descending Apex Anterior LV Anterior 2/3 Ventricular septum Arteriolosclerosis Hyaline thickening in vessels (kidneys, hypertension, diabetes) Atherosclerosis Plaques (atheroma) in vessels Arteriosclerosis rigidity, thickening of vessels Monckeberg Arteriosclerosis Radial and ulnar arteries, calcific sclerosis of the media of arteries (so blood flow is not obstructed) Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis Streptococcus Viridans, mitral valve ( also include aortic valve) IV Drug users= Strep viridans and triscupid valve Large, soft, friable easily detached vegetations Complications: ulceration of valves, perforation of cusps, rupture of chordae tendineae Nonbacterial Endocarditis (Marantic endocarditis) Metastatic cancer, wasting conditions Small, sterile fibrin deposits randomly arranged along the line of the valve leaflets Peripheral emboliztion Sterile emboli Libman-Sacks Endocarditis Lupus Small vegetations on either or both surfaces of valve leaflets Endocarditis Carcinoid Syndrome Right side cusps thickened endocardial plaques Rubella (German Measles) Risk highest shortly before conception to 16th wk gestation Right Sided Heart Failure Left sided heart failure Pulmonary hypertension Right valvular disease (tricuspid and pulmonary) Left-sided lesions (mitral stenosis) Congestive hepatosplenomegaly and renal hypoxia Nutmeg Liver Distention of neck veins Left Sided Heart Failure Ischemic Heart Disease (MI) Hypertension Left valvular disease (aortic and mitral) Myocardial diseases Dyspnea and orthopnea Pleural effusion with hydrothorax Reduction in renal perfusion Cerebral anoxia Pulmonary edema Subependymal Hemorrhage Lateral ventricles of brain, premature infants Necrotizing Enterocolitis Severe and sudden onset of inflammation of small and large intestines Trisomy 13 Patau Syndrome Polydactyly Cleft lip/palate "Rocker Bottom" feet Malignant Mesothelioma Visceral or Parietal pleura (spreads through pleural space) Epithelioid- 70% Sarcomatoid-20% Biphasie-10% Sickle Cell Anemia Recessive transfusions, nonhealing leg ulcers, recurrent abdominal and chest pains Autosplenomegaly Susceptible to Haemophilus Influenzae infection Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase X-linked Black females Enzyme deficient hemolytic anemia "bite cells" on RBC smear fava beans Hereditary Spherocytosis Caucasians Intracorpuscular hemolytic anemia Splenomegaly, erythrocyte osmotic fragility Nodular Sclerosis Hodgkin Lymphoma Young women Lymph nodes are nodular with fibrous bands Multiple Lacunar cells Good Prognosis Lymphocyte-predominance Hodgkin Lymphoma Reed-Sternberg Cells Young-Middle aged men Good Prognosis Mixed Cellularity Hodgkin Lymphoma Reed-Sternberg Cells Old men Necrosis and fibrosis EBV association Okay prognosis Lymphocyte Depletion Hodgkin Lymphoma Reed-Sternberg Cells Necrosis and fibrosis EBV association HIV association Poor prognosis Berylliosis Exposure to beryllium Sarcoidosis Noncaseating granulomas Dyspnea, fatigue, chest pain, nonproductive cough Black women? Diffuse densities within the lung Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Honeycomb lung Chronic inflammation and fibrosis of alveolar wall Resembles Goodpasture Syndrome without renal component Burkitt Lymphoma Young Kids "Starry-sky" cell appearance B-cell lymphoma C-Myc gene (8:14) EBV infection Follicular Lymphoma B-Cell Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma 14:18 T-Cell Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia 11:14 Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Philadelphia 9:22 BCR-ABL Promyelocytic Leukemia 15:17 DIC (disseminated intravascular coagulation) Release of thromboplastic substances into circulation Widespread injury to endothelial cells Hyaline Membrane Disease Deficiency of surfactant in newborn Bronchopulmonary dysplasia Patent ductus arteriosus Interventricular brain hemorrhage Necrotizing enterocolitis Mycosis Fungoides T-cell lymphoma cutaneous Phases: Premycotic, plaque, tumor Eczematoid or psoriasiform Thyroglossal tract cyst 1-4 cm cyst Stratified squamous or pseudostratified squamous Base of tongue Paraganglioma highly vascular, deep red, centrally fibrous, cell ball "zellballen" Branchial cyst Birth defect Squamous or columnar cells with lymphoid infiltrate and prominent germinal centers Papilloma Squamous cell Most common malignancy in children Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) Retinoblastoma "two hit" hypotheses of Knudson (need two mutations to activate) Childhood eye tumor Cerebellar Astrocytoma 15-25% of child brain tumors Glial cells Medulloblastoma Highly malignant, in cerebellum Scant cytoplasm Rosette or perivascular pattern Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lung Secretes a parathyroid-like hormone (P53 mutation, secretes PTH) Cough, dyspnea and hyercalcemia Arising in the bronchus Small Cell Lung Cancer Secretes coricotrophin or antidiuretic hormone (ACTH and ADH) Cushings Bronchial derived or Carcinoid Lung Cancer Usually found in the periphery rather than centrally Multiple Myeloma Plasma cell proliferation, malignant Bone pain, increased M protein, IgG or IgA, "punched out" lesions of the skull or axial skeleton, renal insufficiency and increased susceptibility to infection. Lung Type II Pneumocytes Secrete surfactant Lung Type I Pneumocytes 97% of alveolar surface, gas and O2 exchange Lung Capillary Endothelial Cells Secrete urokinase Pleomorphic Adenoma Most common benign salivary tumor Painless, firm, slow growing parotid mass Large, well-circumscribed, gray-white, focally blue and translucent Warthin tumor Papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum Benign Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma Painful, slow growing salivary gland tumor Mucoepidermoid Tumor Benign or malignant Parotid gland Panacinar Emphysema Dilates entire acinus CONTINUED..