Edexcel GCSE Psychology Piaget & Inhelder Practice
Exam with Correct Answers
Piagetz&zInhelderz(1956)zAimsz-zCORRECTzANSWER-
>zThezextentztozwhichzchildrenzofzdifferentzageszwerezableztoztakezthezviewzofzanotherzperson
>zChildren'szoverallzsystemzofzputtingztogetherzaznumberzofzdifferentzviewszofzwhatztheyzsee
Piagetz&zInhelderz(1956)zProcedurez-zCORRECTzANSWER->zInztotalz100zchildrenzagesz4-12zwerezinvolved.
>zTheyzmadezazmodelzofzthreezmountainszandztookztenzphotoszfromzdifferentzpositionszaroundzthezmodel
.
>zChildzaskedztozusezthezcardboardzshapesztozshowzhowzthezmountainszlookedzfromzdifferentzviewpoints.z
>zChildzshownztenzphotoszandzaskedzwhichzthezdollzcouldzsee.
>zChildzchosezazpicturezandzhadztozpositionzthezdollzsozthatzitzcouldzseezit.
Piagetz&zInhelderz(1956)zFindingsz-zCORRECTzANSWER->zAzchildzinzthezpre-
operationalzstagezchooseszpictures,zplaceszandzcardboardztozshowztheirzownzview.zAzchildzcannotzshowzth
ezviewzofzsomeonezelse.z
>zAzchildzinzconcretezoperationsz(7-9)zstartsztozunderstandzthatzsomeonezhaszazdifferentzview.zAzchildz(9-
10)zcanzunderstandzthatzthezdollzhaszazdifferentzview.
Piagetz&zInhelderz(1956)zConclusionz-zCORRECTzANSWER-
>zChildrenzupztoz7zyearszoldzarezegocentriczalthoughztowardszthezendzofzthezpre-
operationalzstageztheyzbeginztozunderstandzviewpoint.
,>zOlderzchildrenzareznon-egocentric.zTheyzcanzconstructzmentalzimageszofzwhatzotherszcanzsee.
>zProvideszevidencezforzthezstageszofzdevelopment,zpre-
operationalzarezegocentriczwhereaszconcretezoperationszcanzcoordinatezdifferentzviewpoints.
Piagetz&zInhelderz(1956)zStrengthsz-zCORRECTzANSWER-
>zProvidedzgreatzdetailzaboutzwhatzwaszdonezandzgavezqualitativezanalysiszaboutzindividualzchildren.zThisz
meantztheyzcouldzshowzegzthatzaszazchildznearedztheznextzstagezofzdevelopment,ztheyzcouldzachievezelem
entszofzthatznextzstage.
>zUsedzexperimentalzmethodszwhichzmeantzcarefulzcontrolszwerezputzinzplace.zThiszallowedzcomparisonsz
betweenzthezresultszfromzdifferentzchildren.zRepeatingzthezstudyzandzusingzdifferentzviewpointszmeantzth
atztherezwaszreliabilityzinztheirzfindings.
Piagetz&zInhelderz(1956)zWeaknessesz-zCORRECTzANSWER-
>zThezresultszsuggestzthatzthez'stages'zareznotzdefinitivezenoughzevenzthoughzPiagetzacknowledgedzazperi
odzofztransition.
>zOtherzstudieszwithzmorezrealisticzscenarioszdidznotzgivezthezsamezfindings.zBorkez(1975)zusedzazsimilarzi
deazbutzwithzazcharacterzfromzSesamezStreetzandzletzthezchildrenzusezazturntable.zShezfoundzthatz3zyearzo
ldszcouldzidentifyzGrover'szpointzofzviewzmorezthanz79%zofztheztime.zShezsuggestedzthatzchildrenzunderz7z
wereznotzegocentriczbutzthatztheztaskzwasztoozdifficultzforzthem.
Gundersonzetzal.z(2013)zAimsz-zCORRECTzANSWER-
>zChildrenzarezaffectedzbyzdifferentztypeszofzpraisezgivenzinzaznaturalzsituation
>zParentszgivezgirlszmorezpersonzpraisezthanzprocesszpraise
>zParentszusezofzprocesszpraisezaffectszazchild'szreasoningzandzmotivationzfivezyearszdownzthezline.
Gundersonzetzal.z(2013)zProcedurez-zCORRECTzANSWER-
Studyzfollowedzazgroupzofz29zboysz&z24zgirlszatz14zmonths,z28zmonthszandz36zmonths.zNozonezknewzwhat
zwaszbeingzstudiedzwhenztheyzgotzfilmedzactingz'naturally'.zAtz7-
, 8zyearszoldzthezsamezchildrenzansweredztwozquestionnaireszaboutzwhatztheyzthoughtzledztozazpersonszint
elligencezandzledztoztheirzmorals.
Gundersonzetzal.z(2013)zFindingsz-zCORRECTzANSWER-
>z3%zofzparentalzcommentsztozchildrenzwerezpraise.
>zProcesszpraisezwasz18%,zPersonzpraisezwasz16%.
>z24%zofzboyszpraisezwaszprocesszpraisezwhereaszwaszonlyz10.3%zforzgirls.
>zThezmorezprocesszpraisezthereziszinzearlyzchildhood,zthezmorezlikelyzchildrenzwillzbelievezthatzputtingzeff
ortzinziszworthwhile.
Gundersonzetzal.z(2013)zConclusionz-zCORRECTzANSWER-
>zAzclearzrelationshipzwaszfoundzbetweenzparentszusezofzprocesszpraisezandzazchild'szlaterzusezofzanzincre
mentalzmotivationalzframeworkz(abilityzbeingzchangeable).z
>zOnlyzpartiallyzsupportedzbecausezitzdidznotzfindzthezpersonzpraisezleadsztozanzentityzmotivationalzframe
workz(abilityziszfixed)
>zGenderzdifferenceszinzpraisez(boyszmorezprocess)
>zBoysztendedztozhavezmorezofzanzincrementalzframeworkzthanzboyszmeaningzthatzgirlszattributezfailurezt
ozabilityzmorezthanzboyszdo.zThiszfitszwithzthezstudyzfindings.
Gundersonzetzal.z(2013)zStrengthsz-zCORRECTzANSWER-
>zThezresearcherszdidznotzknowzwhatzwaszbeingzstudiedzwhichzavoidszbiaszinztranscribingzandzrecordingzt
hezqualitativezdata.
>zShowszthatzDweck'szfindingszinzartificialzstudieszarezalsozfoundzinztheznaturalzenvironment.zTheseztwozm
ethods,zexperimentzandzobservation,zsupportzeachzotherzwhichziszazstrengthzofzbothztheoryzandzstudy.
Exam with Correct Answers
Piagetz&zInhelderz(1956)zAimsz-zCORRECTzANSWER-
>zThezextentztozwhichzchildrenzofzdifferentzageszwerezableztoztakezthezviewzofzanotherzperson
>zChildren'szoverallzsystemzofzputtingztogetherzaznumberzofzdifferentzviewszofzwhatztheyzsee
Piagetz&zInhelderz(1956)zProcedurez-zCORRECTzANSWER->zInztotalz100zchildrenzagesz4-12zwerezinvolved.
>zTheyzmadezazmodelzofzthreezmountainszandztookztenzphotoszfromzdifferentzpositionszaroundzthezmodel
.
>zChildzaskedztozusezthezcardboardzshapesztozshowzhowzthezmountainszlookedzfromzdifferentzviewpoints.z
>zChildzshownztenzphotoszandzaskedzwhichzthezdollzcouldzsee.
>zChildzchosezazpicturezandzhadztozpositionzthezdollzsozthatzitzcouldzseezit.
Piagetz&zInhelderz(1956)zFindingsz-zCORRECTzANSWER->zAzchildzinzthezpre-
operationalzstagezchooseszpictures,zplaceszandzcardboardztozshowztheirzownzview.zAzchildzcannotzshowzth
ezviewzofzsomeonezelse.z
>zAzchildzinzconcretezoperationsz(7-9)zstartsztozunderstandzthatzsomeonezhaszazdifferentzview.zAzchildz(9-
10)zcanzunderstandzthatzthezdollzhaszazdifferentzview.
Piagetz&zInhelderz(1956)zConclusionz-zCORRECTzANSWER-
>zChildrenzupztoz7zyearszoldzarezegocentriczalthoughztowardszthezendzofzthezpre-
operationalzstageztheyzbeginztozunderstandzviewpoint.
,>zOlderzchildrenzareznon-egocentric.zTheyzcanzconstructzmentalzimageszofzwhatzotherszcanzsee.
>zProvideszevidencezforzthezstageszofzdevelopment,zpre-
operationalzarezegocentriczwhereaszconcretezoperationszcanzcoordinatezdifferentzviewpoints.
Piagetz&zInhelderz(1956)zStrengthsz-zCORRECTzANSWER-
>zProvidedzgreatzdetailzaboutzwhatzwaszdonezandzgavezqualitativezanalysiszaboutzindividualzchildren.zThisz
meantztheyzcouldzshowzegzthatzaszazchildznearedztheznextzstagezofzdevelopment,ztheyzcouldzachievezelem
entszofzthatznextzstage.
>zUsedzexperimentalzmethodszwhichzmeantzcarefulzcontrolszwerezputzinzplace.zThiszallowedzcomparisonsz
betweenzthezresultszfromzdifferentzchildren.zRepeatingzthezstudyzandzusingzdifferentzviewpointszmeantzth
atztherezwaszreliabilityzinztheirzfindings.
Piagetz&zInhelderz(1956)zWeaknessesz-zCORRECTzANSWER-
>zThezresultszsuggestzthatzthez'stages'zareznotzdefinitivezenoughzevenzthoughzPiagetzacknowledgedzazperi
odzofztransition.
>zOtherzstudieszwithzmorezrealisticzscenarioszdidznotzgivezthezsamezfindings.zBorkez(1975)zusedzazsimilarzi
deazbutzwithzazcharacterzfromzSesamezStreetzandzletzthezchildrenzusezazturntable.zShezfoundzthatz3zyearzo
ldszcouldzidentifyzGrover'szpointzofzviewzmorezthanz79%zofztheztime.zShezsuggestedzthatzchildrenzunderz7z
wereznotzegocentriczbutzthatztheztaskzwasztoozdifficultzforzthem.
Gundersonzetzal.z(2013)zAimsz-zCORRECTzANSWER-
>zChildrenzarezaffectedzbyzdifferentztypeszofzpraisezgivenzinzaznaturalzsituation
>zParentszgivezgirlszmorezpersonzpraisezthanzprocesszpraise
>zParentszusezofzprocesszpraisezaffectszazchild'szreasoningzandzmotivationzfivezyearszdownzthezline.
Gundersonzetzal.z(2013)zProcedurez-zCORRECTzANSWER-
Studyzfollowedzazgroupzofz29zboysz&z24zgirlszatz14zmonths,z28zmonthszandz36zmonths.zNozonezknewzwhat
zwaszbeingzstudiedzwhenztheyzgotzfilmedzactingz'naturally'.zAtz7-
, 8zyearszoldzthezsamezchildrenzansweredztwozquestionnaireszaboutzwhatztheyzthoughtzledztozazpersonszint
elligencezandzledztoztheirzmorals.
Gundersonzetzal.z(2013)zFindingsz-zCORRECTzANSWER-
>z3%zofzparentalzcommentsztozchildrenzwerezpraise.
>zProcesszpraisezwasz18%,zPersonzpraisezwasz16%.
>z24%zofzboyszpraisezwaszprocesszpraisezwhereaszwaszonlyz10.3%zforzgirls.
>zThezmorezprocesszpraisezthereziszinzearlyzchildhood,zthezmorezlikelyzchildrenzwillzbelievezthatzputtingzeff
ortzinziszworthwhile.
Gundersonzetzal.z(2013)zConclusionz-zCORRECTzANSWER-
>zAzclearzrelationshipzwaszfoundzbetweenzparentszusezofzprocesszpraisezandzazchild'szlaterzusezofzanzincre
mentalzmotivationalzframeworkz(abilityzbeingzchangeable).z
>zOnlyzpartiallyzsupportedzbecausezitzdidznotzfindzthezpersonzpraisezleadsztozanzentityzmotivationalzframe
workz(abilityziszfixed)
>zGenderzdifferenceszinzpraisez(boyszmorezprocess)
>zBoysztendedztozhavezmorezofzanzincrementalzframeworkzthanzboyszmeaningzthatzgirlszattributezfailurezt
ozabilityzmorezthanzboyszdo.zThiszfitszwithzthezstudyzfindings.
Gundersonzetzal.z(2013)zStrengthsz-zCORRECTzANSWER-
>zThezresearcherszdidznotzknowzwhatzwaszbeingzstudiedzwhichzavoidszbiaszinztranscribingzandzrecordingzt
hezqualitativezdata.
>zShowszthatzDweck'szfindingszinzartificialzstudieszarezalsozfoundzinztheznaturalzenvironment.zTheseztwozm
ethods,zexperimentzandzobservation,zsupportzeachzotherzwhichziszazstrengthzofzbothztheoryzandzstudy.
