GCSE EDEXCEL Psychology Paper 1 A-Level Exam with
Answers Explained
whatziszthezCNSz-zCORRECTzANSWER-
ThezCNSzconsistszofzthezbrainzandzspinalzcord.zthezoriginzofzallzcomplexzcommandszandzbehaviours.zCNSzisz
specialisedzandzcomplexznetworkzofzcells.zitszfunctionzisztozcollect,zprocesszandzrespondztozinformationzfro
mzthezenvironment.zcoordinateszthezworkingzofzdifferentzorganszandzcellszinzthezbody
Whatziszthezcereberalzcortex?z-zCORRECTzANSWER-
3zmmzthick,zouterzlayerzofzthezbrainzandzdevelopedzinzhumanszwhichzhelpszdistinguishzourzmentalzcogniti
onzfromzotherzanimals.
definezlateralisationz-zCORRECTzANSWER-
2zhemisphereszhavingzdifferentzfunctionszwhilstzbeingzstructurallyzidentical
definezlocalisationz-zCORRECTzANSWER-certainzareaszresponsiblezforzspecificzfunctions
1.zfrontalzlobez
2.zparietalzlobez
3.ztemporalzlobez
4.zoccipitalzlobez-zCORRECTzANSWER-1.z40%zcereberalzcortex,zhighzlevelzcognitionz-
zPFC.zbrocaszareazinzleftzfrontalzlobe
2.zcontainszsomatosensoryzcortexz(processeszsensoryzinfoz-ztouch,ztemp,zpressure)
3.zcontainszauditoryzcortexzwhichzdealszwithzsoundzfromzoppositezearz-
zprocesseszlocation,zvolumezandzpitchz-zrolezinzunderstandingzlanguagez(warnickeszareaz-
zleftztemporalzlobe)
4.zbackzofzbrainz-zcontainszprimaryzvisualzcortexz-
zrecieveszinfozfromzbothzeyeszandzshareszinfozviazcorpuszcallosum
4zmainzpartszofzazneuronz-zCORRECTzANSWER-dendrites,zaxon,zaxonzterminals,zandzcellzbody
,whatzdoeszazdendritezdoz-zCORRECTzANSWER-
recieveszchemicalzmessageszfromzotherzneuronszinzorderztoztriggerzanzactionzpotentialzwithinzthezcell
whatzdoeszaxonzhillockzdoz-zCORRECTzANSWER-
Generateszandztransmitszthezelectricalzimpulsezdownzthezaxonztozthezeffectorzorznextznerve
whatszglialzcellsz-zCORRECTzANSWER-
carryzoutzrepairs,zactszazinsulatorszandzremovezwastezproductszfromzthezbrain.zsurroundzneuronszandzprot
ectzthem.zorovidezneuronszwithznutrients
What'szazneurotransmitter?z-zCORRECTzANSWER-
thezchemicalzmessengerszthatzactzbetweenzneuronszinzthezbrain.ztheyzarezbroadlyzsplitzintozinhibitoryzorze
xcitatoryzandzarezreleasedzintozthezsynapticzcleftzandzbindztozreceptorszonzthezdendriteszofzthezpostzsynap
ticzneuron
whatziszthezrestingzpotentialzofzazneuronz-zCORRECTzANSWER--70mV
whatzdoeszanzexcitatoryzpotentialzleadztoz-zCORRECTzANSWER-depolarisationz-zaboutz-z55zmVzandzabove
whatzdoeszanzinhibitoryzpotentialzleadztoz-zCORRECTzANSWER-hyperpolarisationz-zbelowz-70mVze.gz-
100mV
whatszanzagonistz-zCORRECTzANSWER-
mimicszthezactionzofzanotherzbiozchemicalze.gzheroinzactszaszendorphins
whatszanzantagonistz-zCORRECTzANSWER-blockszreceptorszandzpreventszbinding
whatziszcocaineszmodezofzactionz-zCORRECTzANSWER-
stimulantzofzneuronszinzthezbrainszmainzrewardzpathwayz(mesocotico-
limbiczpathway)zwhichzconnectszemotionalzcentresztozfrontalzareas
, cocainezshortztermzeffectsz-zCORRECTzANSWER-
blockszreuptakezofzdopaminezandzthuszsurpluszdopaminezremainszinzsynapse.ztherefore,zhighzdopaminezb
indsztozpostzsynapticzreceptor.zcausesz'euphoriczhigh'
cocainezlongztermzeffectsz-zCORRECTzANSWER-
dopaminezreceptorszbecomezdownzregulated,zfewerzreceptorszarezactive,zquantityzofzdopaminezproduce
dzdeclines
heroinzmodezofzactionz-zCORRECTzANSWER-depressantz-
zslowszCNSzactivity,zincludingzneuronszinvolvedzinzpain,zoncezitzreacheszthezbrainzmostzofzitziszprocessedzas
zmorphine
longztermzeffectszofzheroinz-zCORRECTzANSWER-
downzregulation,zopiodzreceptorszbecomezdensities,ztolerance
onezstrengthzforzthezrolezofzrecreationalzdrugszatzthezsynapse...z-zWeinshenkerzetzalz(2007)z-
zCORRECTzANSWER-supportingzevidencez-
zWeinshenkerzetzalz(2007)zfoundzmicezfailedztozselfzadministerzcocainezwhenzazlesionziszcarriedzoutzatzthez
mesocorticozlimbiczpathwayzofzthezmice,zbutzthiszwasznotzthezcasezwhenzotherzpartszwerezlesioned.zitzwa
szconcludedzthatzneuronszcouldznotzproducezlevelszofzdopamineznormallyzassociatedzwithzrewardzandzthu
szaddictionznotzformedz
However,znotzhumanzstudy,zlesszdevelopedzPFCzandzthuszlesszhighzlevelzcognitionzandzthuszdecreasedzgen
eralizability
whatziszinzthezlimbiczsystemz-zCORRECTzANSWER-hippocampus,zamygdala,zhypothalamus
functionzofzlimbiczsystemz-zCORRECTzANSWER-
selfzpreservation,zcontrolzofztemp,zfight/flightzresponse,zrespondsztozdangerzautomatically
supportingzevidencezlinkingzlimbiczsystemzandzaggressionz-zandyzandzvelamatiz(1978)z-
zCORRECTzANSWER-andyzandzvelamatiz(1978)z-
>zstimulatedzhypothalamuszandzbasalzgangliazofzcats.zaggressionzmeasuredzbyzhissingzandzgrowlingzofzcat.
zresultszshowedzcatszhavingzaggressivezseizures
Answers Explained
whatziszthezCNSz-zCORRECTzANSWER-
ThezCNSzconsistszofzthezbrainzandzspinalzcord.zthezoriginzofzallzcomplexzcommandszandzbehaviours.zCNSzisz
specialisedzandzcomplexznetworkzofzcells.zitszfunctionzisztozcollect,zprocesszandzrespondztozinformationzfro
mzthezenvironment.zcoordinateszthezworkingzofzdifferentzorganszandzcellszinzthezbody
Whatziszthezcereberalzcortex?z-zCORRECTzANSWER-
3zmmzthick,zouterzlayerzofzthezbrainzandzdevelopedzinzhumanszwhichzhelpszdistinguishzourzmentalzcogniti
onzfromzotherzanimals.
definezlateralisationz-zCORRECTzANSWER-
2zhemisphereszhavingzdifferentzfunctionszwhilstzbeingzstructurallyzidentical
definezlocalisationz-zCORRECTzANSWER-certainzareaszresponsiblezforzspecificzfunctions
1.zfrontalzlobez
2.zparietalzlobez
3.ztemporalzlobez
4.zoccipitalzlobez-zCORRECTzANSWER-1.z40%zcereberalzcortex,zhighzlevelzcognitionz-
zPFC.zbrocaszareazinzleftzfrontalzlobe
2.zcontainszsomatosensoryzcortexz(processeszsensoryzinfoz-ztouch,ztemp,zpressure)
3.zcontainszauditoryzcortexzwhichzdealszwithzsoundzfromzoppositezearz-
zprocesseszlocation,zvolumezandzpitchz-zrolezinzunderstandingzlanguagez(warnickeszareaz-
zleftztemporalzlobe)
4.zbackzofzbrainz-zcontainszprimaryzvisualzcortexz-
zrecieveszinfozfromzbothzeyeszandzshareszinfozviazcorpuszcallosum
4zmainzpartszofzazneuronz-zCORRECTzANSWER-dendrites,zaxon,zaxonzterminals,zandzcellzbody
,whatzdoeszazdendritezdoz-zCORRECTzANSWER-
recieveszchemicalzmessageszfromzotherzneuronszinzorderztoztriggerzanzactionzpotentialzwithinzthezcell
whatzdoeszaxonzhillockzdoz-zCORRECTzANSWER-
Generateszandztransmitszthezelectricalzimpulsezdownzthezaxonztozthezeffectorzorznextznerve
whatszglialzcellsz-zCORRECTzANSWER-
carryzoutzrepairs,zactszazinsulatorszandzremovezwastezproductszfromzthezbrain.zsurroundzneuronszandzprot
ectzthem.zorovidezneuronszwithznutrients
What'szazneurotransmitter?z-zCORRECTzANSWER-
thezchemicalzmessengerszthatzactzbetweenzneuronszinzthezbrain.ztheyzarezbroadlyzsplitzintozinhibitoryzorze
xcitatoryzandzarezreleasedzintozthezsynapticzcleftzandzbindztozreceptorszonzthezdendriteszofzthezpostzsynap
ticzneuron
whatziszthezrestingzpotentialzofzazneuronz-zCORRECTzANSWER--70mV
whatzdoeszanzexcitatoryzpotentialzleadztoz-zCORRECTzANSWER-depolarisationz-zaboutz-z55zmVzandzabove
whatzdoeszanzinhibitoryzpotentialzleadztoz-zCORRECTzANSWER-hyperpolarisationz-zbelowz-70mVze.gz-
100mV
whatszanzagonistz-zCORRECTzANSWER-
mimicszthezactionzofzanotherzbiozchemicalze.gzheroinzactszaszendorphins
whatszanzantagonistz-zCORRECTzANSWER-blockszreceptorszandzpreventszbinding
whatziszcocaineszmodezofzactionz-zCORRECTzANSWER-
stimulantzofzneuronszinzthezbrainszmainzrewardzpathwayz(mesocotico-
limbiczpathway)zwhichzconnectszemotionalzcentresztozfrontalzareas
, cocainezshortztermzeffectsz-zCORRECTzANSWER-
blockszreuptakezofzdopaminezandzthuszsurpluszdopaminezremainszinzsynapse.ztherefore,zhighzdopaminezb
indsztozpostzsynapticzreceptor.zcausesz'euphoriczhigh'
cocainezlongztermzeffectsz-zCORRECTzANSWER-
dopaminezreceptorszbecomezdownzregulated,zfewerzreceptorszarezactive,zquantityzofzdopaminezproduce
dzdeclines
heroinzmodezofzactionz-zCORRECTzANSWER-depressantz-
zslowszCNSzactivity,zincludingzneuronszinvolvedzinzpain,zoncezitzreacheszthezbrainzmostzofzitziszprocessedzas
zmorphine
longztermzeffectszofzheroinz-zCORRECTzANSWER-
downzregulation,zopiodzreceptorszbecomezdensities,ztolerance
onezstrengthzforzthezrolezofzrecreationalzdrugszatzthezsynapse...z-zWeinshenkerzetzalz(2007)z-
zCORRECTzANSWER-supportingzevidencez-
zWeinshenkerzetzalz(2007)zfoundzmicezfailedztozselfzadministerzcocainezwhenzazlesionziszcarriedzoutzatzthez
mesocorticozlimbiczpathwayzofzthezmice,zbutzthiszwasznotzthezcasezwhenzotherzpartszwerezlesioned.zitzwa
szconcludedzthatzneuronszcouldznotzproducezlevelszofzdopamineznormallyzassociatedzwithzrewardzandzthu
szaddictionznotzformedz
However,znotzhumanzstudy,zlesszdevelopedzPFCzandzthuszlesszhighzlevelzcognitionzandzthuszdecreasedzgen
eralizability
whatziszinzthezlimbiczsystemz-zCORRECTzANSWER-hippocampus,zamygdala,zhypothalamus
functionzofzlimbiczsystemz-zCORRECTzANSWER-
selfzpreservation,zcontrolzofztemp,zfight/flightzresponse,zrespondsztozdangerzautomatically
supportingzevidencezlinkingzlimbiczsystemzandzaggressionz-zandyzandzvelamatiz(1978)z-
zCORRECTzANSWER-andyzandzvelamatiz(1978)z-
>zstimulatedzhypothalamuszandzbasalzgangliazofzcats.zaggressionzmeasuredzbyzhissingzandzgrowlingzofzcat.
zresultszshowedzcatszhavingzaggressivezseizures
