SRS - RADcon
3 Parts of an Atom, location and charge -
Proton (+) - Nucleus
Neutron ( Neutral) - Nucleus
Electron (-) - Electron cloud or valence shell
Ion -
An atom or group of atoms that has gained or lost one or more electrons, thus
acquiring a charge.
Ionization -
Any process that results in the formation of an ion
Ionizing Radiation -
Radiation that produces ionization, resulting in harmful effects.
Radioactive Material -
Any material that contains unstable (radioactive) atoms, which emits radiation
Radioactive Contamination -
is any radioactive material that in an unwanted place, either it is not designed for
such material (waste vs Regular trash) or mistake/accident
Non-ionizing Radiation -
has enough energy to produce low energy radiation (gamma), but the gamma rays
(ultraviolet, x ray) is not strong enough to cause ionization
3 Types of Contamination -
Fixed - non - wipeable
Removable - wipe-able
Airborne - Suspended in air
Radioactive Half Life -
the time taken for half the number of radioactive nuclei in a sample to decay
4 Types of Ionizing Radiation, Sources, distance -
Alpha ( He+2) - Pu or Ur
Betta ( + or - electron) - Tritium
Gamma (light or high energy packets) - Radiography
Neutron - lose neutron - (HB-Line)
Radiation Units -
Roentgen
RAD - Radiation Absorbed Dose
REM - Reontgen Equivalent Man
Contamination Units -
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, dpm - disintergrations per minute
cpm - counts per minute
Radioactivity Units -
Curri
DAC-hr - Derived Air Concentration
dpm
cpm
Unit Conversions -
1 Rem = 1000 mRem
1 Rad = 1000 mRad
1 Reontgen - 1000 mR
4 Ways for Caontamination to enter the body -
Swallowing
Breathing
Absorbing
Injection (open wounds)
Average Annual Dose to General Population -
620 mRem
Major Sources of Natural Radiation -
-Radon & Thoron (37%)
-Cosmic
-Terrestrial (Earth's Crust) (3%)
-Human Body (Potassium)
Major Sources of Man Made Radiation -
Medical (12%)
Consumer Products (2%)
Industrial Uses (<1%)
Nuclear (<1%)
Method Radiation Damages Cells -
Ionization of cells, especially water which produces free radicals (cancer agents)
4 Radiation Effects on Cells -
1 - No Damage
2 - Cells Recover Fully
3 - Cells Recover Imperfectly
4 - Cells Die
Acute vs Chronic Dose -
High Dose over short Time vs Small doses over a long period of time.
Chronic is preferred due to the body's ability to recover and repair
Somatic Effects -
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3 Parts of an Atom, location and charge -
Proton (+) - Nucleus
Neutron ( Neutral) - Nucleus
Electron (-) - Electron cloud or valence shell
Ion -
An atom or group of atoms that has gained or lost one or more electrons, thus
acquiring a charge.
Ionization -
Any process that results in the formation of an ion
Ionizing Radiation -
Radiation that produces ionization, resulting in harmful effects.
Radioactive Material -
Any material that contains unstable (radioactive) atoms, which emits radiation
Radioactive Contamination -
is any radioactive material that in an unwanted place, either it is not designed for
such material (waste vs Regular trash) or mistake/accident
Non-ionizing Radiation -
has enough energy to produce low energy radiation (gamma), but the gamma rays
(ultraviolet, x ray) is not strong enough to cause ionization
3 Types of Contamination -
Fixed - non - wipeable
Removable - wipe-able
Airborne - Suspended in air
Radioactive Half Life -
the time taken for half the number of radioactive nuclei in a sample to decay
4 Types of Ionizing Radiation, Sources, distance -
Alpha ( He+2) - Pu or Ur
Betta ( + or - electron) - Tritium
Gamma (light or high energy packets) - Radiography
Neutron - lose neutron - (HB-Line)
Radiation Units -
Roentgen
RAD - Radiation Absorbed Dose
REM - Reontgen Equivalent Man
Contamination Units -
1|Page
, dpm - disintergrations per minute
cpm - counts per minute
Radioactivity Units -
Curri
DAC-hr - Derived Air Concentration
dpm
cpm
Unit Conversions -
1 Rem = 1000 mRem
1 Rad = 1000 mRad
1 Reontgen - 1000 mR
4 Ways for Caontamination to enter the body -
Swallowing
Breathing
Absorbing
Injection (open wounds)
Average Annual Dose to General Population -
620 mRem
Major Sources of Natural Radiation -
-Radon & Thoron (37%)
-Cosmic
-Terrestrial (Earth's Crust) (3%)
-Human Body (Potassium)
Major Sources of Man Made Radiation -
Medical (12%)
Consumer Products (2%)
Industrial Uses (<1%)
Nuclear (<1%)
Method Radiation Damages Cells -
Ionization of cells, especially water which produces free radicals (cancer agents)
4 Radiation Effects on Cells -
1 - No Damage
2 - Cells Recover Fully
3 - Cells Recover Imperfectly
4 - Cells Die
Acute vs Chronic Dose -
High Dose over short Time vs Small doses over a long period of time.
Chronic is preferred due to the body's ability to recover and repair
Somatic Effects -
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