ACBIS Study Guide
Acquired Brain Injury (ABI) -
An injury to the brain that is not hereditary, congenital, degenerative, or induced
by birth trauma
Traumatic Brain Injury -
an alteration in brain function, or other evidence of brain pathology, caused by an
external force
Characteristics of mild brain injury -
Can have either brief or no loss of consciousness and its presentation may
demonstrate vomiting, lethargy, dizziness, and inability to recall what just happened
Moderate TBI characteristics -
Will be marked by unconsciousness for any period of time up to 24 hours, will
have neurological signs of brain trauma, including skull fractures with contusion or bleeding,
and may have focal findings on an electroencephalograph (EEG)/ computed tomography
(CT) scan
Severe TBI characteristics -
Marked by period of loss of consciousness of 24 hours or greater
What is the mortality rate of brain injury? -
53,000 deaths
Incidence rate of brain injury -
2.5 million
Prevelance of brain injury -
4.5 of U.S. Population
What chronic conditions are caused/accelerated by TBI? -
Epilepsy, Alzheimer's Disease, Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE),
Neuroendocrine Disorders, Incontinence, Psychiatric Disease, sexual
dysfunction,musculoskeletal dysfunction, skeletal dysfunction
What are the standards for a rehab facility? -
-Person centered practices that focus on their health and safety;
-A robust performance measurement, management, and improvement system that focuses on
continuous improvement of both clinical and business practices;
-Delivery of quality services by competent and well trained personnel; and
- Accountability to persons served, payers, and regulators.
What is the Olmstead Decision? -
supreme court decision that people with disabilities should not be kept in
institutions
1|Page
, Why is the Olmstead decision significant for TBI? -
The decision has resulted in several federal and state initiatives that will make
living in the community a reality for more persons with disabilities
Model systems of care? -
Acute Care Rehabilitation, Post-Acute Rehabilitation Treatment, Long Term
Home and Community
Define mTBI -
A traumatically induced physiologic disruption of brain function, as manifested by
at least one of the following: normal structural imaging, LOC=0-30 minutes, AOC= from a
moment up to 24 hours, PTA= 0-1 day, GCS= 13-15
What is the incidence of mTBI? -
1.1 million people each year
What are the symptoms of mTBI? -
Physical/Somatic, cognitive/ behavioral / emotional
How can you reduce disability from mTBI? -
Early intervention and management
Seizures-prevalence of mortality after TBI -
22 times more likely
What is the incidence of PPCS? -
10-15% of those who sustain a mTBI
How should you treat PPCS? -
Symptom-focused, driven by careful diagnoses, and compensatory strategies
What is CTE and why is it significant? -
A rare, progressive, degenerative condition of the central nervous system, seen as
repetitive brain trauma.
What is the risk of PPCS? -
Pending litigation, over 40,history of substance abuse, low SES, traumatic injury,
female, previous psych
What is the TBI Act of 1996? -
A federal law enacted in 1996. It is the only federal legislation that specifically and
exclusively addresses TBI in the civilian population.
Name the major lobes of the brain, and briefly describe their functions. -
Frontal- executive functions
Parietal- sensory information
Temporal- language and hearing, also involved in memory
Occipital- visual
Describe basic anatomy of the spinal cord & functions -
2|Page
Acquired Brain Injury (ABI) -
An injury to the brain that is not hereditary, congenital, degenerative, or induced
by birth trauma
Traumatic Brain Injury -
an alteration in brain function, or other evidence of brain pathology, caused by an
external force
Characteristics of mild brain injury -
Can have either brief or no loss of consciousness and its presentation may
demonstrate vomiting, lethargy, dizziness, and inability to recall what just happened
Moderate TBI characteristics -
Will be marked by unconsciousness for any period of time up to 24 hours, will
have neurological signs of brain trauma, including skull fractures with contusion or bleeding,
and may have focal findings on an electroencephalograph (EEG)/ computed tomography
(CT) scan
Severe TBI characteristics -
Marked by period of loss of consciousness of 24 hours or greater
What is the mortality rate of brain injury? -
53,000 deaths
Incidence rate of brain injury -
2.5 million
Prevelance of brain injury -
4.5 of U.S. Population
What chronic conditions are caused/accelerated by TBI? -
Epilepsy, Alzheimer's Disease, Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE),
Neuroendocrine Disorders, Incontinence, Psychiatric Disease, sexual
dysfunction,musculoskeletal dysfunction, skeletal dysfunction
What are the standards for a rehab facility? -
-Person centered practices that focus on their health and safety;
-A robust performance measurement, management, and improvement system that focuses on
continuous improvement of both clinical and business practices;
-Delivery of quality services by competent and well trained personnel; and
- Accountability to persons served, payers, and regulators.
What is the Olmstead Decision? -
supreme court decision that people with disabilities should not be kept in
institutions
1|Page
, Why is the Olmstead decision significant for TBI? -
The decision has resulted in several federal and state initiatives that will make
living in the community a reality for more persons with disabilities
Model systems of care? -
Acute Care Rehabilitation, Post-Acute Rehabilitation Treatment, Long Term
Home and Community
Define mTBI -
A traumatically induced physiologic disruption of brain function, as manifested by
at least one of the following: normal structural imaging, LOC=0-30 minutes, AOC= from a
moment up to 24 hours, PTA= 0-1 day, GCS= 13-15
What is the incidence of mTBI? -
1.1 million people each year
What are the symptoms of mTBI? -
Physical/Somatic, cognitive/ behavioral / emotional
How can you reduce disability from mTBI? -
Early intervention and management
Seizures-prevalence of mortality after TBI -
22 times more likely
What is the incidence of PPCS? -
10-15% of those who sustain a mTBI
How should you treat PPCS? -
Symptom-focused, driven by careful diagnoses, and compensatory strategies
What is CTE and why is it significant? -
A rare, progressive, degenerative condition of the central nervous system, seen as
repetitive brain trauma.
What is the risk of PPCS? -
Pending litigation, over 40,history of substance abuse, low SES, traumatic injury,
female, previous psych
What is the TBI Act of 1996? -
A federal law enacted in 1996. It is the only federal legislation that specifically and
exclusively addresses TBI in the civilian population.
Name the major lobes of the brain, and briefly describe their functions. -
Frontal- executive functions
Parietal- sensory information
Temporal- language and hearing, also involved in memory
Occipital- visual
Describe basic anatomy of the spinal cord & functions -
2|Page
