AMSCO AP World History Modern- Unit 7

Turkification - ANS A process of cultural change designed to make all citizens of the empire feel a part of a common Turkish heritage and society Bolsheviks - ANS A group of revolutionary Russian Marxists who took control of Russia's government in November 1917 communists - ANS people who favor the equal distribution of wealth and the end of all forms of private property Young Turks - ANS A coalition starting in the late 1870s of various groups favoring modernist liberal reform of the Ottoman Empire. It was against monarchy of Ottoman Sultan and instead favored a constitution. In 1908 they succeed in establishing a new constitutional era. Mexican Revolution - ANS ( CE) Fought over a period of almost 10 years form 1910; resulted in ouster of Porfirio Diaz from power; opposition forces led by Pancho Villa and Emiliano Zapata. Sun Yat-sen - ANS Chinese nationalist revolutionary, founder and leader of the Guomindang until his death. He attempted to create a liberal democratic political movement in China but was thwarted by military leaders. Kemal Ataturk - ANS Turkish nationalist who founded the modern Turkish state Porfirio Diaz - ANS Dictator in Mexico from 1876 to 1911. Overthrown by the Mexican Revolution of 1910. Francisco Madero - ANS Early leader in the Mexican Revolution; in 1911 became president of Mexico; wanted land ownership and free, honest elections, two years later he was murdered, led to power struggles Francisco "Pancho" Villa - ANS A popular leader during the Mexican Revolution. An outlaw in his youth, when the revolution started, he formed a cavalry army in the north of Mexico and fought for the rights of the landless in collaboration with Emiliano Zapata. (819) Emiliano Zapata - ANS Revolutionary and leader of peasants in the Mexican Revolution. He mobilized landless peasants in south-central Mexico in an attempt to seize and divide the lands of the wealthy landowners. Though successful for a time, he was ultimately defeated and assassinated. Great War - ANS name originally given to the First World War (). Gavrilo Princip - ANS The assassin of Archduke Francis Ferdinand of Austria, a member of the Black Hand Archduke Franz Ferdinand - ANS heir to the Austria-Hungarian throne, was assassinated in Sarajevo, started World War I. Triple Entente - ANS A military alliance between Great Britain, France, and Russia in the years preceding World War I. Allies - ANS Britain, France, and Russia- Later joined by Italy Triple Alliance - ANS An alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy in the years before WWI. Central Powers - ANS Austria-Hungary, Germany, Ottoman Empire Black Hand - ANS Serbian nationalist/terrorist group responsible for the assassination of Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand which resulted in the start of World War I. Militarism - ANS A policy of glorifying military power and keeping a standing army always prepared for war Secret Alliances - ANS When nations joined together to support each other. Was originally meant to keep peace, but instead pushed nations into WWI. Triple Entente Vs. Triple Alliance Self-determination - ANS Concept that ethnicities have the right to govern themselves Conscription - ANS A military draft Stalemate - ANS A situation in which no progress can be made or no advancement is possible Propaganda - ANS Ideas spread to influence public opinion for or against a cause. global war - ANS a war that involves most of the principle nations of the world Reparations - ANS Payment for war damages Lusitania - ANS A British passenger ship that was sunk by a German U-Boat on May 7, 1915. 128 Americans died. The sinking greatly turned American opinion against the Germans, helping the move towards entering the war. Zimmermann Telegram (1917) - ANS secret message from Germany to Mexico, threatening to act together against America. Helps lead U.S. toward war with Germany. Total War - ANS A conflict in which the participating countries devote all their resources to the war effort ANZAC - ANS Australian and New Zealand Army Corps Gallipoli - ANS A poorly planned and badly executed Allied campaign to capture the Turkish peninsula of Gallipoli during 1915 in World War I. Intended to open up a sea lane to the Russians through the Black Sea, the attempt failed with more than 50 percent casualties on both sides. Paris Peace Conference - ANS The great rulers and countries excluding Germany and Russia met in Versailles to negotiate the repercussions of the war, such leaders included Loyd George (Britain), Woodrow Wilson (America), Cleamancu (France) and Italy. The treaty of Versailles was made but not agreed to be signed and the conference proved unsuccessful. Big Four - ANS The Big Four were the four most important leaders, and the most important ones at the Paris Peace Conference. They were Woodrow Wilson- USA, David Lloyd George- UK, George Clemenceau- France, and Vittorio Orlando- Italy. Woodrow Wilson - ANS 28th president of the United States, known for World War I leadership, created Federal Reserve, Federal Trade Commission, Clayton Antitrust Act, progressive income tax, lower tariffs, women's suffrage (reluctantly), Treaty of Versailles, sought 14 points post-war plan, League of Nations (but failed to win U.S. ratification), won Nobel Peace Prize David Lloyd George - ANS Britain's prime minister at the end of World War I whose goal was to make the Germans pay for the other countries' staggering war losses