ATI COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT EXAM
vision 2030 :question and verified answers.
RBC - ANSWER>>>>>females 4.2-5.4 million
males 4.7-6.1 million
decrease RBC - ANSWER>>>>>anemia
WBC - ANSWER>>>>>5,000-10,000
elevated WBC - ANSWER>>>>>infection
decreased WBC - ANSWER>>>>>immunosuppression
Iron - ANSWER>>>>>females 60-160 mcg
males 80-180
elevated iron - ANSWER>>>>>hemochromatosis, iron excess
liver disorder, magaloblastic anemia
decreased iron - ANSWER>>>>>anemia or hemorrhage
platelets - ANSWER>>>>>150,000-4000,000
increased platelets - ANSWER>>>>>malignancy or polycythemia vera
decreased platelets - ANSWER>>>>>autoimmune disease
bone marrow suppression or enlarged spleen
,Hbg - ANSWER>>>>>females 12-16
males 14-18
decrease Hgb and Hct - ANSWER>>>>>anemia
Hct - ANSWER>>>>>females 37%-47%
males 42-52%
anemia in children
S & SX: - ANSWER>>>>>pallor, brittle spoon shaped nails
irritability, muscle weakness
systolic heart murmur, enlarged heart, HF
iron supplements - ANSWER>>>>>give 1 hr before or 2 hr after antacid to prevent malabsorpt
N/D and constipation common at start of therapy
use straw for liquid iron to prevent staining of teeth
aPTT - ANSWER>>>>>1.5-2X control range of 30-40 seconds
test clotting factors and monitor heparin therapy
increased aPTT - ANSWER>>>>>hemophilia
disseminated intravascular coagulation DIC
liver disease
PT - ANSWER>>>>>11-12.5 seconds, 85-100%
increased PT time - ANSWER>>>>>evidence of deficiency or clotting
decreaed PT time - ANSWER>>>>>evidence of vit K excess= bleed out
,acute hemolytic blood transfusion reactions - ANSWER>>>>>**low back pain, TACHYcardia, HYPOtension
febrile reactions - ANSWER>>>>>30 min-6 hr after transfusion
-chills, fever, flushing, headache
use WBC filter, administer antipyretics
mild allergic reactions - ANSWER>>>>>during or up to 24hr after transfusion
- itching, urticarial, flushing
administer benadryl
anaphylactic shock - ANSWER>>>>>wheezing, dyspnea, cyanosis, hypotension
maintain airway, admin O2, IV fluids, antihistamines, corticosteroids and vasopressor
fluid overload - ANSWER>>>>>HYPERtension,
jugular vein distention, peripheral edema
orthopnea, crackles at base of lungs
sudden anxiety
sepsis and septic shock - ANSWER>>>>>-fever, N/V, abdominal pain, chills HYPOtension
administer antibiotics, blood cultures, vasopressor (dopamine)
if disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) - ANSWER>>>>>admin heparin in early stage
-blood products and clotting factors in late stage
PICA - ANSWER>>>>>eating things like soil, chalk, for at least 1 month
parenteral iron - ANSWER>>>>>given Z track
, erythropoietin - epoetin alfa (epogen, Procrit) - ANSWER>>>>>used to increased production of RBC
monitor increase in BP, Hgb, Hct
folic acid - ANSWER>>>>>turn urine dark yellow
necessary for new RBC
hypovolemia causes - ANSWER>>>>>peritonitis, ascites, burns , NPO
causes of dehydration - ANSWER>>>>>hyperventilation
DKA
tube feeding without sufficient water intake
subjective and objective HYPOvolemia - ANSWER>>>>>Hyperthermia, Tachycardia, HYPOtension
decreased central venous pressure
hypoxia
thirst, dizziness, N/V,
-poor skin turgor, tentin
lab test hypovolemia - ANSWER>>>>>increased: HCT, specific gravity, NA, protein, BUN, glucose
Hypervolemia causes - ANSWER>>>>>HF, cirrhosis, increased gluccorticosteroids
hypertonic fluids
S & SX HYPERvolemia - ANSWER>>>>>bounding pulse, increased CVP, HYPERtension, confusion, muscle
weakness, ascites, diminished breath sounds, distended neck veins
lab test HYPERvolemia - ANSWER>>>>>Decreased: HCT, BUN, electro
respiratory alkalosis PaCO2 less than 35, increased PH
vision 2030 :question and verified answers.
RBC - ANSWER>>>>>females 4.2-5.4 million
males 4.7-6.1 million
decrease RBC - ANSWER>>>>>anemia
WBC - ANSWER>>>>>5,000-10,000
elevated WBC - ANSWER>>>>>infection
decreased WBC - ANSWER>>>>>immunosuppression
Iron - ANSWER>>>>>females 60-160 mcg
males 80-180
elevated iron - ANSWER>>>>>hemochromatosis, iron excess
liver disorder, magaloblastic anemia
decreased iron - ANSWER>>>>>anemia or hemorrhage
platelets - ANSWER>>>>>150,000-4000,000
increased platelets - ANSWER>>>>>malignancy or polycythemia vera
decreased platelets - ANSWER>>>>>autoimmune disease
bone marrow suppression or enlarged spleen
,Hbg - ANSWER>>>>>females 12-16
males 14-18
decrease Hgb and Hct - ANSWER>>>>>anemia
Hct - ANSWER>>>>>females 37%-47%
males 42-52%
anemia in children
S & SX: - ANSWER>>>>>pallor, brittle spoon shaped nails
irritability, muscle weakness
systolic heart murmur, enlarged heart, HF
iron supplements - ANSWER>>>>>give 1 hr before or 2 hr after antacid to prevent malabsorpt
N/D and constipation common at start of therapy
use straw for liquid iron to prevent staining of teeth
aPTT - ANSWER>>>>>1.5-2X control range of 30-40 seconds
test clotting factors and monitor heparin therapy
increased aPTT - ANSWER>>>>>hemophilia
disseminated intravascular coagulation DIC
liver disease
PT - ANSWER>>>>>11-12.5 seconds, 85-100%
increased PT time - ANSWER>>>>>evidence of deficiency or clotting
decreaed PT time - ANSWER>>>>>evidence of vit K excess= bleed out
,acute hemolytic blood transfusion reactions - ANSWER>>>>>**low back pain, TACHYcardia, HYPOtension
febrile reactions - ANSWER>>>>>30 min-6 hr after transfusion
-chills, fever, flushing, headache
use WBC filter, administer antipyretics
mild allergic reactions - ANSWER>>>>>during or up to 24hr after transfusion
- itching, urticarial, flushing
administer benadryl
anaphylactic shock - ANSWER>>>>>wheezing, dyspnea, cyanosis, hypotension
maintain airway, admin O2, IV fluids, antihistamines, corticosteroids and vasopressor
fluid overload - ANSWER>>>>>HYPERtension,
jugular vein distention, peripheral edema
orthopnea, crackles at base of lungs
sudden anxiety
sepsis and septic shock - ANSWER>>>>>-fever, N/V, abdominal pain, chills HYPOtension
administer antibiotics, blood cultures, vasopressor (dopamine)
if disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) - ANSWER>>>>>admin heparin in early stage
-blood products and clotting factors in late stage
PICA - ANSWER>>>>>eating things like soil, chalk, for at least 1 month
parenteral iron - ANSWER>>>>>given Z track
, erythropoietin - epoetin alfa (epogen, Procrit) - ANSWER>>>>>used to increased production of RBC
monitor increase in BP, Hgb, Hct
folic acid - ANSWER>>>>>turn urine dark yellow
necessary for new RBC
hypovolemia causes - ANSWER>>>>>peritonitis, ascites, burns , NPO
causes of dehydration - ANSWER>>>>>hyperventilation
DKA
tube feeding without sufficient water intake
subjective and objective HYPOvolemia - ANSWER>>>>>Hyperthermia, Tachycardia, HYPOtension
decreased central venous pressure
hypoxia
thirst, dizziness, N/V,
-poor skin turgor, tentin
lab test hypovolemia - ANSWER>>>>>increased: HCT, specific gravity, NA, protein, BUN, glucose
Hypervolemia causes - ANSWER>>>>>HF, cirrhosis, increased gluccorticosteroids
hypertonic fluids
S & SX HYPERvolemia - ANSWER>>>>>bounding pulse, increased CVP, HYPERtension, confusion, muscle
weakness, ascites, diminished breath sounds, distended neck veins
lab test HYPERvolemia - ANSWER>>>>>Decreased: HCT, BUN, electro
respiratory alkalosis PaCO2 less than 35, increased PH
