NSB236 Exam Revision Questions and
Answers 100% Solved | Graded A+
LOLs - ✔✔beta blockers; used to slow down HR and allow for ventricular
filling to ensure adequate stroke volume
PINEs - ✔✔Calcium Channel Blockers; lowers BP by blocking calcium
(which causes vessels and the heart to contract more strongly). By blocking
calcium, calcium channel blockers allow blood vessels to relax and open.
RILs - ✔✔Vasodilators; dilate blood vessels and arteries, increasing the
ease of blood flow
Amioderone / Flecanide - ✔✔Antiarrhythmic; prevent and treat abnormal
heart beats
Adrenaline - ✔✔Adrenaline is a cardiac stimulant (increased HR and CO),
bronchodilator, and assists with peripheral vasodilation
1
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,Hydrocortisone - ✔✔decreases inflammation and reverses increased
capillary permeability, aids in improving blood pressure and heart rate and
is used in anaphylaxis if hypotension persists after initial therapy
Antihistamines - ✔✔block histamines from binding with histamine receptor
sites in tissues
Salbutomol - ✔✔Salbutamol is used to relieve symptoms of asthma and
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) such as coughing,
wheezing and feeling breathless. It works by relaxing the muscles of the
airways into the lungs, which makes it easier to breathe. Salbutamol comes
in an inhaler (puffer).
Neuro Assessment - ✔✔GCS
Respiratory Assessment - ✔✔RR, sp02, accessory muscles
Cardio Assessment - ✔✔HR, BP, cap refill, ECG
Renal assessment - ✔✔Urine output, urea, creatinine, eGFR
Immunilogical - ✔✔Temp, WBC count
Clinical care for Sepsis and Septic Shock, action and body's response -
✔✔- Consider root cause
2
©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025.
, - Administer antibiotics (broad spectrum eg vancomycin until source of
infection is specified and then tailor)
- Consider antimicrobial stewardship and renal function
- Response: drop in temperature, decreased white cell count
Fluids: to increase blood pressure and end organ perfusion (30ml/kg in the
first hour)
Response: increased urine output indicating sufficient renal perfusion
Vasopressor: causes vasoconstriction to ensure adequate end organ
perfusion
Results: monitor BP and HR
Overall aim of treatment of sepsis and results - ✔✔To correct
hypoperfusion caused by vasodilation
Results:
- MAP >65
3
©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025.
Answers 100% Solved | Graded A+
LOLs - ✔✔beta blockers; used to slow down HR and allow for ventricular
filling to ensure adequate stroke volume
PINEs - ✔✔Calcium Channel Blockers; lowers BP by blocking calcium
(which causes vessels and the heart to contract more strongly). By blocking
calcium, calcium channel blockers allow blood vessels to relax and open.
RILs - ✔✔Vasodilators; dilate blood vessels and arteries, increasing the
ease of blood flow
Amioderone / Flecanide - ✔✔Antiarrhythmic; prevent and treat abnormal
heart beats
Adrenaline - ✔✔Adrenaline is a cardiac stimulant (increased HR and CO),
bronchodilator, and assists with peripheral vasodilation
1
©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025.
,Hydrocortisone - ✔✔decreases inflammation and reverses increased
capillary permeability, aids in improving blood pressure and heart rate and
is used in anaphylaxis if hypotension persists after initial therapy
Antihistamines - ✔✔block histamines from binding with histamine receptor
sites in tissues
Salbutomol - ✔✔Salbutamol is used to relieve symptoms of asthma and
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) such as coughing,
wheezing and feeling breathless. It works by relaxing the muscles of the
airways into the lungs, which makes it easier to breathe. Salbutamol comes
in an inhaler (puffer).
Neuro Assessment - ✔✔GCS
Respiratory Assessment - ✔✔RR, sp02, accessory muscles
Cardio Assessment - ✔✔HR, BP, cap refill, ECG
Renal assessment - ✔✔Urine output, urea, creatinine, eGFR
Immunilogical - ✔✔Temp, WBC count
Clinical care for Sepsis and Septic Shock, action and body's response -
✔✔- Consider root cause
2
©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025.
, - Administer antibiotics (broad spectrum eg vancomycin until source of
infection is specified and then tailor)
- Consider antimicrobial stewardship and renal function
- Response: drop in temperature, decreased white cell count
Fluids: to increase blood pressure and end organ perfusion (30ml/kg in the
first hour)
Response: increased urine output indicating sufficient renal perfusion
Vasopressor: causes vasoconstriction to ensure adequate end organ
perfusion
Results: monitor BP and HR
Overall aim of treatment of sepsis and results - ✔✔To correct
hypoperfusion caused by vasodilation
Results:
- MAP >65
3
©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025.
