NSB236 EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 100% SOLVED | GRADED A+
What is the biology of cancer? - ✔✔Defective cell proliferation and
defective cell differentiation.
What are the three stages of cancer development? - ✔✔Initiation,
promotion and progression.
What are the characteristics of benign neoplasms? - ✔✔Usually
encapsulated, normally differentiated, nil metastases, rare recurrence,
slight vascularity, and expansive growth.
What are the characteristics of malignant neoplasms? - ✔✔Rarely
encapsulated, poorly differentiated, capable of metastasis, possible
recurrence, moderate to marked vascularity, and infiltrative growth.
What is the aim of chemotherapy? - ✔✔To reduce or eliminate malignant
cells.
What is dysplasia? - ✔✔The presence of abnormal cells within a tissue.
1
©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025.
, How is cancer growth staged? - ✔✔From stage 0 (cells are in situ) to stage
4 (cells have metastasised).
What are the four stages of radiation therapy? - ✔✔Energy beams absorb
into tissue, ionisation occurs, leading to the breakdown of cell DNA bonds.
What are the side effects of chemotherapy? - ✔✔Nausea and vomiting,
malnutrition, inflammation, diarrhoea/constipation and toxicities.
What is angiogenesis? - ✔✔The formation of new blood vessels.
What are the meninges? - ✔✔The three layers of membranes that protect
the brain and spinal cord.
What is anaplasia? - ✔✔The lack of cellular differentiation.
What is an oncogene? - ✔✔A mutated gene that has the potential to cause
cancer.
What is a vesicant? - ✔✔An agent that causes blistering.
What is nadir? - ✔✔The lowest possible blood cell count during
chemotherapy.
What is a neoplasm? - ✔✔A new and abnormal growth of tissue.
2
©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025.
ANSWERS 100% SOLVED | GRADED A+
What is the biology of cancer? - ✔✔Defective cell proliferation and
defective cell differentiation.
What are the three stages of cancer development? - ✔✔Initiation,
promotion and progression.
What are the characteristics of benign neoplasms? - ✔✔Usually
encapsulated, normally differentiated, nil metastases, rare recurrence,
slight vascularity, and expansive growth.
What are the characteristics of malignant neoplasms? - ✔✔Rarely
encapsulated, poorly differentiated, capable of metastasis, possible
recurrence, moderate to marked vascularity, and infiltrative growth.
What is the aim of chemotherapy? - ✔✔To reduce or eliminate malignant
cells.
What is dysplasia? - ✔✔The presence of abnormal cells within a tissue.
1
©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025.
, How is cancer growth staged? - ✔✔From stage 0 (cells are in situ) to stage
4 (cells have metastasised).
What are the four stages of radiation therapy? - ✔✔Energy beams absorb
into tissue, ionisation occurs, leading to the breakdown of cell DNA bonds.
What are the side effects of chemotherapy? - ✔✔Nausea and vomiting,
malnutrition, inflammation, diarrhoea/constipation and toxicities.
What is angiogenesis? - ✔✔The formation of new blood vessels.
What are the meninges? - ✔✔The three layers of membranes that protect
the brain and spinal cord.
What is anaplasia? - ✔✔The lack of cellular differentiation.
What is an oncogene? - ✔✔A mutated gene that has the potential to cause
cancer.
What is a vesicant? - ✔✔An agent that causes blistering.
What is nadir? - ✔✔The lowest possible blood cell count during
chemotherapy.
What is a neoplasm? - ✔✔A new and abnormal growth of tissue.
2
©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025.
