NSB236 EXAM Questions and Answers
100% Solved | Graded A+
What do the 5 most common reasons an ambo is called relate to -
✔✔hypoxia
hypotension
aloc
tachycardia
tachypnoea
all relate to
sepsis (80%)
cardiogenic shock
arrythmia
pulmonary oedema
1
©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025.
,What is the formula for oxygen delivery - ✔✔[SaO2 x Hb] + [PaO2] X [SV X
HR]
Arterial o2 content x (cardiac output x peripheral vascular resistance)
What happens in aerobic respiration - ✔✔Turns glucose and O2 into water
and CO2
(Aerobic respiration breaks down glucose and combines the broken down
products with oxygen, making water and carbon dioxide.)
The energy from this reaction produces ATP (energy for cells)
What happens in anaerobic respiration? - ✔✔Energy can be produced
without o2, it is a less efficient form of metabolism.
Produces waste product (lactic acid)
What does arterial oxygenation require - ✔✔patent airway
functioning lung tissue
gas exchange
haemoglobin to carry o2
2
©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025.
,Normal range is 8-100mmHg
What are compensatory mechanisms - ✔✔When the body detects low o2
delivery at the tissues or a reduction in co output, increase in RR and HR
What is portsmouth sign and how to recognise it - ✔✔When HR is higher
than SBP.
Indicated a decrease in CO and failing compensatory mechanisms
What is pulse pressure - ✔✔difference between systolic and diastolic
pressure
narrow PP= insufficient preload, heart failure, shock state
wide PP= atherosclerosis, hyperthyroidism, raised ICP
What are 2 mechanisms to maintain effective blood volume - ✔✔1.
vasoconstriction
2. decrease renal losses of fluid
what is a mechanism to optimise cardiac performance - ✔✔increase hr and
contractility
3
©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025.
, what is shock - ✔✔a state of insufficient perfusion and oxygenation delivery
to vital organs and tissues through the body
nursing interventions for managing circulation issues - ✔✔reduce workload-
control hr
management volume status
re-establish blood flow- angioplasty
critical care specific interventions
optimise cardiac output
difference in iv fluids - ✔✔colloid- large molecule fluids
crystalloid- small molecule and able to move through a semipermeable
membrane
treatment for impaired perfusion/oxygenation - ✔✔address primary cause
(eg bleeding/burns)
fluid replacement (3:1 rule in hypovolemic shock- 3mL of crystalloid for
every 1mL of estimated blood loss)
4
©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025.
100% Solved | Graded A+
What do the 5 most common reasons an ambo is called relate to -
✔✔hypoxia
hypotension
aloc
tachycardia
tachypnoea
all relate to
sepsis (80%)
cardiogenic shock
arrythmia
pulmonary oedema
1
©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025.
,What is the formula for oxygen delivery - ✔✔[SaO2 x Hb] + [PaO2] X [SV X
HR]
Arterial o2 content x (cardiac output x peripheral vascular resistance)
What happens in aerobic respiration - ✔✔Turns glucose and O2 into water
and CO2
(Aerobic respiration breaks down glucose and combines the broken down
products with oxygen, making water and carbon dioxide.)
The energy from this reaction produces ATP (energy for cells)
What happens in anaerobic respiration? - ✔✔Energy can be produced
without o2, it is a less efficient form of metabolism.
Produces waste product (lactic acid)
What does arterial oxygenation require - ✔✔patent airway
functioning lung tissue
gas exchange
haemoglobin to carry o2
2
©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025.
,Normal range is 8-100mmHg
What are compensatory mechanisms - ✔✔When the body detects low o2
delivery at the tissues or a reduction in co output, increase in RR and HR
What is portsmouth sign and how to recognise it - ✔✔When HR is higher
than SBP.
Indicated a decrease in CO and failing compensatory mechanisms
What is pulse pressure - ✔✔difference between systolic and diastolic
pressure
narrow PP= insufficient preload, heart failure, shock state
wide PP= atherosclerosis, hyperthyroidism, raised ICP
What are 2 mechanisms to maintain effective blood volume - ✔✔1.
vasoconstriction
2. decrease renal losses of fluid
what is a mechanism to optimise cardiac performance - ✔✔increase hr and
contractility
3
©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025.
, what is shock - ✔✔a state of insufficient perfusion and oxygenation delivery
to vital organs and tissues through the body
nursing interventions for managing circulation issues - ✔✔reduce workload-
control hr
management volume status
re-establish blood flow- angioplasty
critical care specific interventions
optimise cardiac output
difference in iv fluids - ✔✔colloid- large molecule fluids
crystalloid- small molecule and able to move through a semipermeable
membrane
treatment for impaired perfusion/oxygenation - ✔✔address primary cause
(eg bleeding/burns)
fluid replacement (3:1 rule in hypovolemic shock- 3mL of crystalloid for
every 1mL of estimated blood loss)
4
©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025.
