ASU BIO 340 Actual Exam 1 Questions
and Answers | Get it 100% Correct |
Already Graded A+
selective breeding (artificial selection) - ✔✔the process of developing
organisms with specific characteristics as chosen by the breeders
Gregor Mendel (1822-1884) - ✔✔Amateur botanist who published an
explanation of hereditary transmission in plants in 1866. Known for his pea-
plant experiments and commonly referred to as the "father of genetics"
modern genetics - ✔✔the study of heredity and the variation of inherited
characteristics
bacterial transforming principle - ✔✔an experiment proposed by Frederick
Griffith in 1928 which suggested that a "transforming principle" from a heat-
killed virulent Pneumococcus strain can transform a non-virulent strain into
a pathogenic one.
1
©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025.
,Avery, McCarty, MacLeod (1944) - ✔✔biological researchers who identified
DNA as the likely transforming principle in Griffith's experiment.
Hershey and Chase (1952) - ✔✔concluded that the genetic material of the
bacteriophage was DNA, not protein.
Edwin Chargaff - ✔✔Austrian biochemist who discovered that identical
quantities of A and T, C and G were present in DNA (developed the
complementary base-pairing rule for DNA).
Frederick Griffith (1928) - ✔✔British bacteriologist; the first person to show
that hereditary information could be transferred from one cell to another
horizontally rather than vertically
genome - ✔✔the complete set of genetic information carried by a species
vertical transmission - ✔✔gene transmission between organisms without
parental reproduction
horizontal transmission - ✔✔gene transmission from parents to their
offspring through reproduction (aka person-to-person)
DNA replication - ✔✔the process in which DNA makes a duplicate copy of
itself.
2
©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025.
, transcription - ✔✔synthesis of an RNA molecule from a DNA template
mRNA (messenger RNA) - ✔✔a single-stranded RNA molecule that
encodes the information to make a protein
hereditary material - ✔✔the information which is passed from one cellular
generation to the next (encoded in DNA in humans).
Pauling and Corey (1951) - ✔✔biological researchers who provided the
basis for research on DNA structure (proposed an alpha helix model as a
structure for nucleic acid)
Watson and Crick (1953) - ✔✔the two scientists who discovered the
structure and shape of DNA
nucleotide - ✔✔a building block of DNA, consisting of a five-carbon sugar
covalently bonded to a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group.
genes - ✔✔DNA segments that serve as the key functional units in
hereditary transmission.
chromosomes - ✔✔a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found
in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form
of genes.
3
©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025.
and Answers | Get it 100% Correct |
Already Graded A+
selective breeding (artificial selection) - ✔✔the process of developing
organisms with specific characteristics as chosen by the breeders
Gregor Mendel (1822-1884) - ✔✔Amateur botanist who published an
explanation of hereditary transmission in plants in 1866. Known for his pea-
plant experiments and commonly referred to as the "father of genetics"
modern genetics - ✔✔the study of heredity and the variation of inherited
characteristics
bacterial transforming principle - ✔✔an experiment proposed by Frederick
Griffith in 1928 which suggested that a "transforming principle" from a heat-
killed virulent Pneumococcus strain can transform a non-virulent strain into
a pathogenic one.
1
©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025.
,Avery, McCarty, MacLeod (1944) - ✔✔biological researchers who identified
DNA as the likely transforming principle in Griffith's experiment.
Hershey and Chase (1952) - ✔✔concluded that the genetic material of the
bacteriophage was DNA, not protein.
Edwin Chargaff - ✔✔Austrian biochemist who discovered that identical
quantities of A and T, C and G were present in DNA (developed the
complementary base-pairing rule for DNA).
Frederick Griffith (1928) - ✔✔British bacteriologist; the first person to show
that hereditary information could be transferred from one cell to another
horizontally rather than vertically
genome - ✔✔the complete set of genetic information carried by a species
vertical transmission - ✔✔gene transmission between organisms without
parental reproduction
horizontal transmission - ✔✔gene transmission from parents to their
offspring through reproduction (aka person-to-person)
DNA replication - ✔✔the process in which DNA makes a duplicate copy of
itself.
2
©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025.
, transcription - ✔✔synthesis of an RNA molecule from a DNA template
mRNA (messenger RNA) - ✔✔a single-stranded RNA molecule that
encodes the information to make a protein
hereditary material - ✔✔the information which is passed from one cellular
generation to the next (encoded in DNA in humans).
Pauling and Corey (1951) - ✔✔biological researchers who provided the
basis for research on DNA structure (proposed an alpha helix model as a
structure for nucleic acid)
Watson and Crick (1953) - ✔✔the two scientists who discovered the
structure and shape of DNA
nucleotide - ✔✔a building block of DNA, consisting of a five-carbon sugar
covalently bonded to a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group.
genes - ✔✔DNA segments that serve as the key functional units in
hereditary transmission.
chromosomes - ✔✔a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found
in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form
of genes.
3
©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025.
