DELTA Module 1 Proctored Exam Questions And Answers 2024 Approved.

Suggestopedia - correct answer Definition: (Giori Lozanov) an approach based on lowering the students' affective filter as much as possible to encourage acquisition. Example: using baroque music, sitting in comfy chairs, creating new identities all form part of this approach Further Point: there is a 'receptive' 'activation' phase in class Anaphoric Reference - correct answer Definition: a type of grammatical cohesion - something that refers back to a previously mentioned item in a text. Example: "Susan lives just round the corner. She's my best friend." 'She' refers back to 'Susan' Further Point: can be seen in contrast to cataphoric reference (refers forward) and exophoric reference (refers to something 'outside' the text, which is common knowledge) Aptitude test - correct answer Definition: a test of a student's natural ability to learn a language (in this case). Example: in pronunciation, a test to check the ability to imitate/distinguish sounds in an unknown language. Further Point: clearly it is much simpler to test aptitude in systems like grammar, pronunciation or lexis, rather than skills Audio-Lingual Approach - correct answer Definition: an inductive approach based on drilling and pattern practice, moving towards substitution of elements. Example: Teacher: "That cat is cute." Students: "That cat is cute." Teacher: "Dog." Students: "That dog is cute." etc. Further Point: most interaction is teacher-student, students should 'overlearn' so that usage becomes habitual. Backwash - correct answer Definition: the effect a test/exam has on the teaching leading up to it Example: a global language exam decides to include a speaking test for the time. This causes teachers to begin including speaking practice in their classes Further Point: the effect of backwash can be positive or negative Behaviourism - correct answer Definition: a belief that language is learned behaviour and we learn by imitation of good models Example: the Audio-lingual Method is the classroom approach of behaviourist ideology Further Point: this approach works on a stimulus-response- reward/punishment model Bottom-up Processing - correct answer Definition: processing a text starting with the smaller elements of a text (words, sounds, etc) then building upwards to decode the text as a whole Example: listening or reading for the times of a particular train Further Point: can be seen in comparison to 'Top-down' processing, which starts from 'global knowledge' to process meaning Cataphoric Reference - correct answer Definition: a type of grammatical cohesion - something that refers forward to another thing mentioned later in the text Example: "Given that it is bad for you, smoking still remains very popular." 'It' refers forward to 'smoking' Further Point: can be seen in contrast to anaphoric reference (refers back) and exophoric reference (refers outside the text) Cloze test - correct answer Definition: a test where a number of words have been removed from a text. Students have to complete the text Example: FCE Use of English Part 2, where students have fill the gaps left in the text Further Point: traditionally, the missing words were every so many words (e.g. every 9th word was missing) - there are also open and multiple choice cloze tests Co-text - correct answer Definition: the words immediately around a particular item in the text which help to deduce its meaning Example: on the way back to the market (the underlined words are the co-text of 'back') Further Point: the co-text can be the same topic as the context (they are about the same things) or can be a digression away from the context Community Language Learning - correct answer Definition: (Charles Curran) an approach designed to form a group identity and lower the affective filter by building a conversation for later analysis/practice. Example: Ss sitting in a closed circle whisper to T (outside the circle) what they wish to say to another S in L1. T translates, drills and S records utterance. Further Point: a student-led process syllabus Construct validity - correct answer Definition: how much a test tests what it is supposed to and nothing else (precision) Example: a gap-fill where the gaps have other possible answers, apart from the desired answers, is less construct valid than one where there is only one answer per gap Further Point: we can talk about a test having high construct validity or low construct validity Content validity - correct answer Definition: to what degree a test tests what it is supposed to (thoroughness) Example: a test of present simple with more examples, including +, -, ?, short answer, has higher content validity than one with few + examples only Further Point: content validity also refers to how thoroughly a test reflects the course of study before it e.g. a grammar test following an integrated systems-skills course has low content validity Context - correct answer Definition: the basic gist of what a text is about Example: in a manual about how to use the internet, a context might be 'running a search on the web' Further Point: can be confused with 'co-text', which is text around a particular item in a text, which may or may not be about the context Criterion-referenced test - correct answer Definition: a test graded according to explicit criteria Example: a test marked using banded descriptors or can-do statements, such as FCE speaking Further Point: usually for Proficiency tests. Deductive Approaches - correct answer Definition: approaches which are based on the students being given rules to apply logically Example: the Grammar-Translation Approach is an example of a deductive approach Further Point: deductive approaches can save time and some students may regard them as more adult Deixis - correct answer Definition: a type of grammatical cohesion - referring to something that you would only understand if you were present in the original conversation Example: "Can you pass me that, please?" You would only understand what 'that' was if you were present in the conversation Further Point: : often accompanied by hand gestures or other body language (paralinguistic features) Diagnostic test - correct answer Definition: a test undertaken to test strengths and weaknesses in skills and systems Example: a list of incorrect sentences for student to put into correct grammar, thereby testing grammatical areas they are good and bad at Further Point: the results of these tests are often used as needs analyses, thus dictating future course content Dictogloss - correct answer Definition: a type of reconstruction activity based on natural-speed dictation of a text