Multidimensional care 2 exam 1
Questions and Complete Solutions
Graded A+
cellular regulation - Answer: The process of controlling growth, replication, and differentation to
maintain homeostasis
Mitosis - Answer: A cell diving into 2
Neoplasia - Answer: New or continued cell growth that is NOT needed for normal growth, development,
or replacement. (Unnecessary/abnormal growth)
Specific morphology - Answer: The distinct and recognizable appearance, size, and shape of a cell
Small/ large nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio - Answer: The size of the nucleus in a cell compared to the size
of the cell. (Small nuclear-to-cytoplasmic would mean the nucleus occupies a small amount of space
inside the cell)
Differentiated function - Answer: Every normal cell has has atleast one function it performs to contribute
to the whole bodys function. (Skin cells make keratin, liver cells make bile, etc.)
Tight adherence - Answer: Occurs when cells make protiens that protrude from the membrane, which
allows cells to bind closely and tightly together. One such protien is fibronectin
nonmigratory - Answer: Means the cells do not wander throughout the body. This occurs when cells
have a tight adherence which prevents cells from being able to move around.
orderly and well regulated growth - Answer: It means cells go through mitosis to 1. Develop normal
tissue, and 2. Replace lost or damaged tissues (mitosis can only happen when conditions in the body are
just right)
, contact inhibition - Answer: Cellular regulation that stops further cell division when a cell is completely
surrounded and touching other cells
Apoptosis - Answer: Programmed cell death. Some cells need to die to maintain body functions
Ploidy - Answer: Classifies the number and structure of tumor chromosomes as normal or abnormal
Euploidy - Answer: Having a normal and complete set of chromosomes (23 pairs)
Aneuploidy - Answer: When cancer cells gain or lose whole chromosomes and may have structure
abnormalities of the remaining chromosomes
Benign tumor cells - Answer: normal cells growing in the wrong place or at the wrong time as a result of
a problem in cellular regulation
BENIGN tumor cell characteristics - Answer: They have a specific morphology, a smaller nuclear to
cytoplasmic ratio, differentiated funtions continue to be performed but in an incorrect place, tight
adherence because they produce fibronectin meaning they do not migrate, growth patterns are
abnormal, euploidy (normal chromosomes)
MALIGNANT tumor cell characteristics - Answer: Anaplasia, a large nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio, specific
funtions are lost partially or completely, loose adherence because they do not typically make fibronectin
which means they migrate, aneuploidy (abnormal chromosomes)
anaplasia - Answer: A loss of specific appearance (maligment cancer cells become smaller and rounded)
Carcinogenesis or oncogenesis - Answer: Cancer development
malignant transformation - Answer: the process of changing a normal cell into a cancer cell
Carcinogen - Answer: Substances that change the activity of a cells genes so the cell becomes a cancer
cell
Questions and Complete Solutions
Graded A+
cellular regulation - Answer: The process of controlling growth, replication, and differentation to
maintain homeostasis
Mitosis - Answer: A cell diving into 2
Neoplasia - Answer: New or continued cell growth that is NOT needed for normal growth, development,
or replacement. (Unnecessary/abnormal growth)
Specific morphology - Answer: The distinct and recognizable appearance, size, and shape of a cell
Small/ large nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio - Answer: The size of the nucleus in a cell compared to the size
of the cell. (Small nuclear-to-cytoplasmic would mean the nucleus occupies a small amount of space
inside the cell)
Differentiated function - Answer: Every normal cell has has atleast one function it performs to contribute
to the whole bodys function. (Skin cells make keratin, liver cells make bile, etc.)
Tight adherence - Answer: Occurs when cells make protiens that protrude from the membrane, which
allows cells to bind closely and tightly together. One such protien is fibronectin
nonmigratory - Answer: Means the cells do not wander throughout the body. This occurs when cells
have a tight adherence which prevents cells from being able to move around.
orderly and well regulated growth - Answer: It means cells go through mitosis to 1. Develop normal
tissue, and 2. Replace lost or damaged tissues (mitosis can only happen when conditions in the body are
just right)
, contact inhibition - Answer: Cellular regulation that stops further cell division when a cell is completely
surrounded and touching other cells
Apoptosis - Answer: Programmed cell death. Some cells need to die to maintain body functions
Ploidy - Answer: Classifies the number and structure of tumor chromosomes as normal or abnormal
Euploidy - Answer: Having a normal and complete set of chromosomes (23 pairs)
Aneuploidy - Answer: When cancer cells gain or lose whole chromosomes and may have structure
abnormalities of the remaining chromosomes
Benign tumor cells - Answer: normal cells growing in the wrong place or at the wrong time as a result of
a problem in cellular regulation
BENIGN tumor cell characteristics - Answer: They have a specific morphology, a smaller nuclear to
cytoplasmic ratio, differentiated funtions continue to be performed but in an incorrect place, tight
adherence because they produce fibronectin meaning they do not migrate, growth patterns are
abnormal, euploidy (normal chromosomes)
MALIGNANT tumor cell characteristics - Answer: Anaplasia, a large nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio, specific
funtions are lost partially or completely, loose adherence because they do not typically make fibronectin
which means they migrate, aneuploidy (abnormal chromosomes)
anaplasia - Answer: A loss of specific appearance (maligment cancer cells become smaller and rounded)
Carcinogenesis or oncogenesis - Answer: Cancer development
malignant transformation - Answer: the process of changing a normal cell into a cancer cell
Carcinogen - Answer: Substances that change the activity of a cells genes so the cell becomes a cancer
cell
