PSC 304 Progress Test Questions and
Complete Solutions Graded A+
Implicit Bargaining - Answer: Occurs when legislators take actions designed to elicit certain reactions
from others, even though no negotiation may have taken place. (Ex, Legislators may introduce a bill or
sponsor hearings not because they think the bill pas but because they hope the action will prod
someone else - an executive branch official, perhaps, or a committee chairman with broader jurisdiction
on the question - into taking action on the problem.)
Logrolling - Answer: An agreement by two or more lawmakers to support each other's bills.
Party cohesion - Answer: A sort of coordinated behavior within a poltiical party in respect to their
actions in congress.
Speaker - Answer: The Speaker combines procedural and political prerogatives with policy and partisan
leadership. Speakers rule on points of order, announce results of votes, refer legislation to committees,
maintain order and decorum in the House chamber. They set the agenda, control the Rules Committee,
the Speaker is also in charge of administrative matters
Senate Individualism - Answer: In the senate there is heightened sense of individualistic members being
a part of the Senate especially with electoral focus as members are more inclined to cater to their own
goals.
Promoting Party Unity - Answer: Another leadership responsibility is to encourage party unity in
Congress on priority legislation. This includes extending social invitations, performing services for their
party that promote goodwill and a sense of common purpose
Party Caucuses - Answer: The organization of all partisans in a chamber, called the conference or caucus,
caucuses elect leaders, approve committee assignments, debate party and legislative rules and policies
and help forge party unity.
Coalition Building - Answer: Media strategies, use of press, television, radio, polls, Internet, speeches, to
advance or block legislation. Omnibus bills: megabills, legislation that is hundreds or thousands of pages
, in length encompassing disparate policy topics, joining several bills into one single package, sweeteners
added to woo supporters. Strategia planning and coordination.
Nation of Joiners - Answer: The United States has been termed this with it meaning we tend to be a
country that employs the populace to solve the country's problems or meet needs for the country in
terms of government.
Social Lobbying - Answer: developing a personal relationship with lawmakers, that lobbyist need to be
effective. Lobbyist seek out opportunities to interact casually with lawmakers, to build a personal
relationship that might be beneficial to them. Includes attendance of certain events, socials, or more
casual settings.
Jack Abramoff Scandal - Answer: lobbyist who had developed close ties to influence lawmakers and staff
aides, in part by providing them with lavish travels, food, and gifts. He did this to get preferential
treatment from the lawmakers in return. This ultimately led to his imprisonment
Bundling - Answer: a widely used fundraising technique that allows lobbyists and fundraising entities to
raise more money for candidates than they could contribute individually under campaign finance laws. It
is giving checks all at once to campaign committees.
Issue Networks - Answer: alliances of interest groups that may share common goals in influencing the
policy agenda in congress who unite in order to promote common cause or influence.
Congressional Caucuses (informal groups) - Answer: a group of members of the United States Congress
that meets to pursue common legislative objectives in an informal setting which separates these groups
from formal committees.
Foreign lobbying - Answer: The 1995 Foreign Lobby Disclosure Act amended the Foreign Agents
Registration Act of 1938, which required those who lobby on behalf of foreign govts or political parties
to register with the Justice Department. The 1995 act broadened the definition of foreign lobbyists to
include individuals who lobby on behalf of foreign-owned commercial enterprises.
Power to persuade - Answer: Presidential power is the power to persuade" Presidents must employ all
their varied powers (constitutional, political, bureaucratic,personal,ant etc.) to be persuade congress
Complete Solutions Graded A+
Implicit Bargaining - Answer: Occurs when legislators take actions designed to elicit certain reactions
from others, even though no negotiation may have taken place. (Ex, Legislators may introduce a bill or
sponsor hearings not because they think the bill pas but because they hope the action will prod
someone else - an executive branch official, perhaps, or a committee chairman with broader jurisdiction
on the question - into taking action on the problem.)
Logrolling - Answer: An agreement by two or more lawmakers to support each other's bills.
Party cohesion - Answer: A sort of coordinated behavior within a poltiical party in respect to their
actions in congress.
Speaker - Answer: The Speaker combines procedural and political prerogatives with policy and partisan
leadership. Speakers rule on points of order, announce results of votes, refer legislation to committees,
maintain order and decorum in the House chamber. They set the agenda, control the Rules Committee,
the Speaker is also in charge of administrative matters
Senate Individualism - Answer: In the senate there is heightened sense of individualistic members being
a part of the Senate especially with electoral focus as members are more inclined to cater to their own
goals.
Promoting Party Unity - Answer: Another leadership responsibility is to encourage party unity in
Congress on priority legislation. This includes extending social invitations, performing services for their
party that promote goodwill and a sense of common purpose
Party Caucuses - Answer: The organization of all partisans in a chamber, called the conference or caucus,
caucuses elect leaders, approve committee assignments, debate party and legislative rules and policies
and help forge party unity.
Coalition Building - Answer: Media strategies, use of press, television, radio, polls, Internet, speeches, to
advance or block legislation. Omnibus bills: megabills, legislation that is hundreds or thousands of pages
, in length encompassing disparate policy topics, joining several bills into one single package, sweeteners
added to woo supporters. Strategia planning and coordination.
Nation of Joiners - Answer: The United States has been termed this with it meaning we tend to be a
country that employs the populace to solve the country's problems or meet needs for the country in
terms of government.
Social Lobbying - Answer: developing a personal relationship with lawmakers, that lobbyist need to be
effective. Lobbyist seek out opportunities to interact casually with lawmakers, to build a personal
relationship that might be beneficial to them. Includes attendance of certain events, socials, or more
casual settings.
Jack Abramoff Scandal - Answer: lobbyist who had developed close ties to influence lawmakers and staff
aides, in part by providing them with lavish travels, food, and gifts. He did this to get preferential
treatment from the lawmakers in return. This ultimately led to his imprisonment
Bundling - Answer: a widely used fundraising technique that allows lobbyists and fundraising entities to
raise more money for candidates than they could contribute individually under campaign finance laws. It
is giving checks all at once to campaign committees.
Issue Networks - Answer: alliances of interest groups that may share common goals in influencing the
policy agenda in congress who unite in order to promote common cause or influence.
Congressional Caucuses (informal groups) - Answer: a group of members of the United States Congress
that meets to pursue common legislative objectives in an informal setting which separates these groups
from formal committees.
Foreign lobbying - Answer: The 1995 Foreign Lobby Disclosure Act amended the Foreign Agents
Registration Act of 1938, which required those who lobby on behalf of foreign govts or political parties
to register with the Justice Department. The 1995 act broadened the definition of foreign lobbyists to
include individuals who lobby on behalf of foreign-owned commercial enterprises.
Power to persuade - Answer: Presidential power is the power to persuade" Presidents must employ all
their varied powers (constitutional, political, bureaucratic,personal,ant etc.) to be persuade congress
