AQA A Level Law- Criminal Law
1. Actus Reus - ANS-A prohibited voluntary act or omission that causes damage to some
other
2. Bratty (1961) - ANS-Lord Denning: "No act is punishable if it's far achieved involuntarily
and an involuntary act- a few decide on to talk of it as automatism- manner an act which
is achieved with the aid of the muscle mass without any manage by the thoughts which
includes spasm, a reflex action or a convulsion"
3. Causation - ANS-wherein a consequence need to be proved, prosecution must display
that D's behavior changed into the actual cause AND the prison purpose
4. behavior crime - ANS-Prove the act befell e.G., prove that the defendant appropriated
belongings belonging to another in theft
5. correspondence - ANS-A character must only be convicted of against the law where the
actus reus fits the desired mens rea
6. Crime - ANS-Conduct which is prohibited through the kingdom and has penal effects
7. Cunningham (1957) - ANS-D tore gasoline meter off wall of empty residence to achieve
the cash from it, brought about a fuel leak which became inhaled by way of woman
round the corner and he or she have become unwell. D charged underneath s23 OAPA
1861 of maliciously administering a noxious substance, held not guilty as not proved he
realised the danger.
8. Direct cause - ANS-D intends the precise result to occur (Mohan)
9. DPP v Santana-Bermudez (2003) - ANS-PC requested D if he had any sharps in pocket,
he advised her 'no'. PC searched his wallet and injured herself on a needle, causing her
to bleed. D convicted of assault occasioning abh underneath s47 OAPA 1861
10. Factual Cause - ANS-The outcome could not have occurred 'but for' the defendant's
behavior
11. Fair labelling - ANS-Ensure that the crook conduct in question fits the offence and the
sentence given
12. Hill v Baxter (1958) - ANS-Case gave exceptions to which a motive force of a automobile
could not be doing the act voluntarily. E.G lost control due to a swarm of bees or struck
within the head with the aid of a stone or had a coronary heart assault, whilst driving
13. individual autonomy - ANS-The ability of a rational character to make an knowledgeable,
un-coerced decision
14. Intent - ANS-A decision to result in, in thus far as it lies within the accused's strength, the
prohibited effect, no matter whether or not the accused favored that effect of his act or
not (Mohan 1975)
15. Involuntariness - ANS-Rare instances wherein D may be convicted even when he did not
act voluntarily. Involve a situation but now not one that D entered into voluntarily.
16. Legal purpose - ANS-The outcome of D's conduct become the operating and
widespread- extra than minimum- reason of dying
17. prison standards - ANS-enforcing legal responsibility wherein there may be fault
1. Actus Reus - ANS-A prohibited voluntary act or omission that causes damage to some
other
2. Bratty (1961) - ANS-Lord Denning: "No act is punishable if it's far achieved involuntarily
and an involuntary act- a few decide on to talk of it as automatism- manner an act which
is achieved with the aid of the muscle mass without any manage by the thoughts which
includes spasm, a reflex action or a convulsion"
3. Causation - ANS-wherein a consequence need to be proved, prosecution must display
that D's behavior changed into the actual cause AND the prison purpose
4. behavior crime - ANS-Prove the act befell e.G., prove that the defendant appropriated
belongings belonging to another in theft
5. correspondence - ANS-A character must only be convicted of against the law where the
actus reus fits the desired mens rea
6. Crime - ANS-Conduct which is prohibited through the kingdom and has penal effects
7. Cunningham (1957) - ANS-D tore gasoline meter off wall of empty residence to achieve
the cash from it, brought about a fuel leak which became inhaled by way of woman
round the corner and he or she have become unwell. D charged underneath s23 OAPA
1861 of maliciously administering a noxious substance, held not guilty as not proved he
realised the danger.
8. Direct cause - ANS-D intends the precise result to occur (Mohan)
9. DPP v Santana-Bermudez (2003) - ANS-PC requested D if he had any sharps in pocket,
he advised her 'no'. PC searched his wallet and injured herself on a needle, causing her
to bleed. D convicted of assault occasioning abh underneath s47 OAPA 1861
10. Factual Cause - ANS-The outcome could not have occurred 'but for' the defendant's
behavior
11. Fair labelling - ANS-Ensure that the crook conduct in question fits the offence and the
sentence given
12. Hill v Baxter (1958) - ANS-Case gave exceptions to which a motive force of a automobile
could not be doing the act voluntarily. E.G lost control due to a swarm of bees or struck
within the head with the aid of a stone or had a coronary heart assault, whilst driving
13. individual autonomy - ANS-The ability of a rational character to make an knowledgeable,
un-coerced decision
14. Intent - ANS-A decision to result in, in thus far as it lies within the accused's strength, the
prohibited effect, no matter whether or not the accused favored that effect of his act or
not (Mohan 1975)
15. Involuntariness - ANS-Rare instances wherein D may be convicted even when he did not
act voluntarily. Involve a situation but now not one that D entered into voluntarily.
16. Legal purpose - ANS-The outcome of D's conduct become the operating and
widespread- extra than minimum- reason of dying
17. prison standards - ANS-enforcing legal responsibility wherein there may be fault
