Exam 1: NUR265/ NUR 265 (Latest 2025/ 2026) Advanced Med-Surg Questions with Verified Answers – Galen.

Exam 1: NUR265/ NUR 265 (Latest 2025/
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2026) Advanced Med-Surg Questions with
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Verified Answers – Galen. i,- i,- i,- i,-




How do you determine the mean arterial pressure (MAP)?
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Systolic + (Diastolic*2) /3
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What is the MAP needed to perfuse the kidneys?
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What are examples of nephrotoxic drugs?
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-i,- i,- -NSAIDS
-Metformin
-Diuretics
-Antibiotics (especially -mycin) i,- i,-




-Contrast dye i,-




What is nephrotic syndrome?
i,- i,- A condition of increased i,- i,-i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-



glomerular permeability that allows larger molecules to pass
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through the membrane into the urine and then be excreted.
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What are key features of nephrotic syndrome?
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proteinuria*

,-*Hypoalbuminemia*
-*Edema (facial and periorbital)*i,- i,- i,-




-Lipiduria
-Hyperlipidemia
-Increased coagulation i,-




-Reduced kidney function i,- i,-




In nephrotic syndrome, severe protein loss in the urine is greater
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than what? i,-3.5g in 24 hours i,-i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-




What is nephrotic syndrome treated with?
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immunosuppressant agents (if immunity based). i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-




-ACE inhibitors (decreased protein loss in urine)
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-statins (improve blood lipid levels).
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-Heparin (used to treat vascular effects and improve kidney
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function)


Describe the "risk" stage for AKIi,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-i,- i,- creatinine x 1.5 of normal, i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-



and GFR reduced by 25%
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Describe the "injury" stage for AKI
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reduced by 50% i,- i,-

, Describe the "failure" stage for AKI
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GFR reduced by 75% (Cant fix)
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Describe Prerenal AKI. Give examples.
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-i,- i,- Decreased perfusion to i,- i,- i,-



kidneys. i,-




-NSAIDs
-Severe dehydrationi,-




-Renal artery stenosis
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-MI or HF resulting in low ejection fraction and low cardiac output
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-Blood/ fluid loss i,- i,-




Describe Intrarenal AKI. Give examples.
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-i,- i,- Tissue damage to the
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actual kidneys.
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-Glomerulonephritis or inflammation of the glomeruli i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-




-Sepsis
-Intrarenal bleeding i,-




-Pyelonephritis