Essentials of Pathophysiology- Final
Exam Key Concepts
What do you need to watch for in a patient with low potassium (Hypokalemia)? - ✔✔ correct answer
Need to monitor the heart for any abnormalities, EKG abnormalities, and WNL (3.5-5)
What happens during the alarm stage of adaptation syndrome? - ✔✔ correct answer Increased heart
rate, catecholamines, cortisols, epinepherine increased heart rate. Stress response increases blood
glucose.
How does the body respond to catecholamines? - ✔✔ correct answer Increased blood pressure,
increased heart rate, brachial dilation, stress, and increased blood sugar levels.
What is the function of albumin? - ✔✔ correct answer Maintain osmotic pressure, intravascular volume
pulling into space.
What is the function of aldosterone? - ✔✔ correct answer Causes retention of sodium in the body, and
water depleting K levels. Renin, angio, tension aldosterone system (RASH)
What is allostasis? - ✔✔ correct answer The restoration of homeostasis.
What are the different fluid compartments? - ✔✔ correct answer Intracellular (inside), extracellular
(outside), interstitial (between)
What is iatrogenic? - ✔✔ correct answer Of or relating to illness caused by medical examination or
treatment.
Colonoscopy screening after 50 years - ✔✔ correct answer Done every 10 years to look for cancer and
polyps
Adolescent girls and breast self-examination screening - ✔✔ correct answer Every month
Primary function of bone marrow - ✔✔ correct answer To produce RBC, WBC, platelets. Hematopoiesis
,Essentials of Pathophysiology- Final
Exam Key Concepts
Assessment findings with localized inflammation - ✔✔ correct answer Heart, swelling, redness, and pain
Leukocytosis means - ✔✔ correct answer Increased number of WBC in the body
What is leukemia? - ✔✔ correct answer Abnormal production of WBC/proliferation. (4k-11k)
Define cachexia - ✔✔ correct answer Weakness associated with cancer/chronic illness, weight loss and
muscle loss
What happens with gout? - ✔✔ correct answer Abnormal uric acid metabolism, and crystals.
What are collagen fibers? - ✔✔ correct answer Scar formation after healing.
What process results in osteoporosis? - ✔✔ correct answer Imbalance of bone re-absorption and bone
formation.
What does purulent exudate and serous exudate mean? - ✔✔ correct answer Serous transparent
(blister) pale yellow. Purulent pus (WBC and bacteria)
Priority assessment with myasthenia crisis - ✔✔ correct answer Affects muscle paralysis of respiratory
muscles, possible respiratory attack, check respiration, check ventilation
Complication with compartment syndrome - ✔✔ correct answer tissue damage/pain, possible necrosis,
hypoxia, 5 P's
Stress and peptic ulcer relation - ✔✔ correct answer Too much stress=decreased blood flow to the
stomach, develops ulcers. (H. pylori)
, Essentials of Pathophysiology- Final
Exam Key Concepts
Cause of Hirschsprung's disease - ✔✔ correct answer Develops improper colon, innervation of the
colon/large intestine. Autonomic ganglia are reduced or absent.
Function of parietal cells of gastric mucosa - ✔✔ correct answer Vitamin B12 secreted by preital (gastric
mucosa production), intrinsic factor
Frequent location of peptic ulcer - ✔✔ correct answer Duodenum/stomach
What is occult blood? - ✔✔ correct answer Blood in stool, test general testing
Kidneys - ✔✔ correct answer The slope of nephrons
What is the anabolic process? - ✔✔ correct answer Catabolism=broken down into simple structures
Anabolic=building complex structures
Genetic defect associated with cystitis - ✔✔ correct answer Back flow of urine vesicoureteral reflux,
causes inflammation, bladder inflammation
pyelonephritis-infection of the kidneys
nephritis-inflammation of the kidneys
Hormone associated with dysfunctional uterine bleeding - ✔✔ correct answer Menstruation is estrogen,
pre progesterone
Causes of pyelonephritis - ✔✔ correct answer Infection from E. coli (wipe from front to back)
Symptoms with BPH (benign prostatic hyperplasia) - ✔✔ correct answer Difficult urination, oliguria (low
urine output), dribbling
Exam Key Concepts
What do you need to watch for in a patient with low potassium (Hypokalemia)? - ✔✔ correct answer
Need to monitor the heart for any abnormalities, EKG abnormalities, and WNL (3.5-5)
What happens during the alarm stage of adaptation syndrome? - ✔✔ correct answer Increased heart
rate, catecholamines, cortisols, epinepherine increased heart rate. Stress response increases blood
glucose.
How does the body respond to catecholamines? - ✔✔ correct answer Increased blood pressure,
increased heart rate, brachial dilation, stress, and increased blood sugar levels.
What is the function of albumin? - ✔✔ correct answer Maintain osmotic pressure, intravascular volume
pulling into space.
What is the function of aldosterone? - ✔✔ correct answer Causes retention of sodium in the body, and
water depleting K levels. Renin, angio, tension aldosterone system (RASH)
What is allostasis? - ✔✔ correct answer The restoration of homeostasis.
What are the different fluid compartments? - ✔✔ correct answer Intracellular (inside), extracellular
(outside), interstitial (between)
What is iatrogenic? - ✔✔ correct answer Of or relating to illness caused by medical examination or
treatment.
Colonoscopy screening after 50 years - ✔✔ correct answer Done every 10 years to look for cancer and
polyps
Adolescent girls and breast self-examination screening - ✔✔ correct answer Every month
Primary function of bone marrow - ✔✔ correct answer To produce RBC, WBC, platelets. Hematopoiesis
,Essentials of Pathophysiology- Final
Exam Key Concepts
Assessment findings with localized inflammation - ✔✔ correct answer Heart, swelling, redness, and pain
Leukocytosis means - ✔✔ correct answer Increased number of WBC in the body
What is leukemia? - ✔✔ correct answer Abnormal production of WBC/proliferation. (4k-11k)
Define cachexia - ✔✔ correct answer Weakness associated with cancer/chronic illness, weight loss and
muscle loss
What happens with gout? - ✔✔ correct answer Abnormal uric acid metabolism, and crystals.
What are collagen fibers? - ✔✔ correct answer Scar formation after healing.
What process results in osteoporosis? - ✔✔ correct answer Imbalance of bone re-absorption and bone
formation.
What does purulent exudate and serous exudate mean? - ✔✔ correct answer Serous transparent
(blister) pale yellow. Purulent pus (WBC and bacteria)
Priority assessment with myasthenia crisis - ✔✔ correct answer Affects muscle paralysis of respiratory
muscles, possible respiratory attack, check respiration, check ventilation
Complication with compartment syndrome - ✔✔ correct answer tissue damage/pain, possible necrosis,
hypoxia, 5 P's
Stress and peptic ulcer relation - ✔✔ correct answer Too much stress=decreased blood flow to the
stomach, develops ulcers. (H. pylori)
, Essentials of Pathophysiology- Final
Exam Key Concepts
Cause of Hirschsprung's disease - ✔✔ correct answer Develops improper colon, innervation of the
colon/large intestine. Autonomic ganglia are reduced or absent.
Function of parietal cells of gastric mucosa - ✔✔ correct answer Vitamin B12 secreted by preital (gastric
mucosa production), intrinsic factor
Frequent location of peptic ulcer - ✔✔ correct answer Duodenum/stomach
What is occult blood? - ✔✔ correct answer Blood in stool, test general testing
Kidneys - ✔✔ correct answer The slope of nephrons
What is the anabolic process? - ✔✔ correct answer Catabolism=broken down into simple structures
Anabolic=building complex structures
Genetic defect associated with cystitis - ✔✔ correct answer Back flow of urine vesicoureteral reflux,
causes inflammation, bladder inflammation
pyelonephritis-infection of the kidneys
nephritis-inflammation of the kidneys
Hormone associated with dysfunctional uterine bleeding - ✔✔ correct answer Menstruation is estrogen,
pre progesterone
Causes of pyelonephritis - ✔✔ correct answer Infection from E. coli (wipe from front to back)
Symptoms with BPH (benign prostatic hyperplasia) - ✔✔ correct answer Difficult urination, oliguria (low
urine output), dribbling
