MEDICAL AND SURGERY EXAM . QNS AND CORRECT WELL DETAILED ANSWERS.

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MEDICAL AND SURGERY EXAM . QNS AND CORRECT WELL
DETAILED ANSWERS.




QUESTION: what is myopia? - ANSWER-near/short sightedness, close is clear, far is blurry




-usual starts in puberty and gets worse untill eye is fully grown. also in very young children.




QUESTION: conditions associated with myopia? - ANSWER-squint- childhood eyes point in diff.
directions.

lazy eyechildhood, one eye. doesnt develop properly

glaucoma - IOC pressure.

cataracts - develpoment of cloudy atches inside lense.

Retinal detachment - wherby retina pulls awat from the blood vessel that nourish it




QUESTION: What is astigmatism? - ANSWER-Failure to converge image at one point on the fovea (likea
refraction rather than focusing)




QUESTION: Causes of astigmatism? - ANSWER--Hereditary - corneal or lenticular

-Injuries to the cornea, such as infection that scars the cornea

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keratoconus & kertoglobus - causes bulgin, thinner and shape change.

Some conditions of the eyelid

others that affect cornea or lense




QUESTION: What is presbyopia? - ANSWER-gradual loss of your eyes' ability to focus on nearby objects.
It's a natural part of aging 40-65yrs




QUESTION: Aetiology of bacterial conjunctivitis? - ANSWER-S.Aureus, Sterp. Pneumo or H.flu

also STIs chlamydia trachromatis, N.gonnorheae




QUESTION: what is opthalmia neonatorum? - ANSWER-chlamydia or gonorrheae infection from infected
birth canal affecting 20-40%




QUESTION: What is Episcleritis ? - ANSWER-Inflamationof localiased superficial episclera vascular
network, most commonly diffuse (moderate to sever inflam @1-3 month intervals)

-Nodular/focal episcleritis (can often present with associated systemic disease)




QUESTION: What are the classification of Allergic conjunctivitis? - ANSWER-type 1 hypersensitivity -
seasonal (SAC)

perrenial - chronic (PAC)

Atopic - relates to eczema and athsma

gaint pappilary (GPC)

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Limbal and tarsal kertaoconjuctivitis (VKC)




QUESTION: What is gaint pappilary Allergica conjunctivitis - ANSWER-inner lining of the eyelid swells
and develops small bumps. Known as papillae, these bumps tend to form after chronic irritation




QUESTION: what can cause a corneal abbration? - ANSWER-Direct trauma

Foreign body between eyelid and conjunctiva

Heat by contact

UV radiation (Arc Eye)




QUESTION: What can cause corneal ulcer? - ANSWER-can be secondary to abrasive trauma, pentrating
injuries or prolonged use of contact lenses




QUESTION: What are dendritic ulcers? - ANSWER-Herpes simplex virus (HSV) keratitis is the most
frequent cause of corneal blindness.

- aggressive treatment -




QUESTION: Symptoms of Dendritic ulcers? - ANSWER-Pain

Photophobia

Blurred vision

Tearing

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Redness

- with fluorescein staining and has a delicate branching pattern,




QUESTION: Appearance of dendritic ulcer on opthalmoscopy? - ANSWER-- infectious epithelial keratitis
(with characteristic dendritic ulcers)

-neurotrophic keratopathy

-stromal keratitis endotheliitis (classified as disciform, diffuse, or linear)




QUESTION: what are the symptoms of keratic precipitates and anterior uveitis - ANSWER-Pain, generally
developing over a few hours or days except in cases of trauma:

Redness

Photophobia

Blurred vision

Increased lacrimation




Chronic anterior uveitis presents primarily as blurred vision and mild redness.

pain & photophobia normaly only during acute episode.




QUESTION: what are the symptoms of posterior Uveitis? - ANSWER-Blurred vision and floaters

Absence of symptoms of anterior uveitis (ie, pain, redness, and photophobia)