1. Which of the following medications is classified as a benzodiazepine?
A) Diazepam
B) Zolpidem
C) Sertraline
D) Buspirone
Answer: A) Diazepam
Rationale: Diazepam is a benzodiazepine used to treat anxiety, muscle spasms,
and seizures. Zolpidem is a sedative-hypnotic for sleep disorders, sertraline is an
SSRI for depression and anxiety, and buspirone is an anxiolytic, but not a
benzodiazepine.
2. A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client who is prescribed digoxin.
Which of the following statements by the client indicates understanding?
A) "I should take my pulse and withhold the medication if my pulse is below 60
beats per minute."
B) "I can take my digoxin with food to avoid an upset stomach."
C) "It is safe for me to take an over-the-counter cold medication while on digoxin."
D) "I can stop taking digoxin if I feel better."
Answer: A) "I should take my pulse and withhold the medication if my pulse is
below 60 beats per minute."
Rationale: Digoxin slows the heart rate. A pulse rate below 60 beats per minute is
a sign of digoxin toxicity, and the medication should be withheld. It can be taken
with or without food, but cold medications may interact with digoxin, and the
medication should not be stopped abruptly.
3. A client is prescribed a statin for hyperlipidemia. The nurse should monitor for
which of the following adverse effects?
A) Hypokalemia
B) Liver dysfunction
,C) Hyperglycemia
D) Tachycardia
Answer: B) Liver dysfunction
Rationale: Statins can cause liver damage, which is why liver function tests are
monitored. They do not typically cause hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, or
tachycardia.
4. Which of the following is the most serious adverse effect of opioid analgesics?
A) Nausea and vomiting
B) Respiratory depression
C) Constipation
D) Dizziness
Answer: B) Respiratory depression
Rationale: Opioids can cause respiratory depression, which is the most serious
adverse effect and can be life-threatening. Other side effects, such as nausea,
constipation, and dizziness, are common but less severe.
5. A client is taking warfarin and asks the nurse about food interactions. Which
of the following foods should the client avoid?
A) Oranges
B) Leafy green vegetables
C) Bananas
D) Whole grain bread
Answer: B) Leafy green vegetables
Rationale: Leafy green vegetables are high in vitamin K, which can interfere with
the effectiveness of warfarin. Warfarin is an anticoagulant, and vitamin K
promotes clotting, which can counteract the drug’s effect. Other foods do not
significantly interact with warfarin.
, 6. A client is prescribed an antibiotic for a urinary tract infection. The nurse
should monitor for which of the following adverse effects?
A) Tinnitus
B) Hyperkalemia
C) Photosensitivity
D) Weight gain
Answer: C) Photosensitivity
Rationale: Many antibiotics, such as tetracyclines, can cause photosensitivity,
which makes the skin more prone to sunburn. Tinnitus is related to some ototoxic
drugs, hyperkalemia is a concern with potassium-sparing diuretics, and weight
gain is not a common adverse effect of antibiotics.
7. A client is taking a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) for depression.
Which of the following is a common adverse effect of SSRIs?
A) Dry mouth
B) Sedation
C) Sexual dysfunction
D) Hypertension
Answer: C) Sexual dysfunction
Rationale: Sexual dysfunction, including decreased libido and difficulty achieving
orgasm, is a common side effect of SSRIs. Dry mouth and sedation are more
commonly seen with tricyclic antidepressants, while SSRIs are not associated with
hypertension.
8. A nurse is administering insulin to a client with type 1 diabetes. Which of the
following should the nurse monitor for to assess for hypoglycemia?
A) Tachycardia
B) Weight loss
C) Hypertension
D) Increased thirst
A) Diazepam
B) Zolpidem
C) Sertraline
D) Buspirone
Answer: A) Diazepam
Rationale: Diazepam is a benzodiazepine used to treat anxiety, muscle spasms,
and seizures. Zolpidem is a sedative-hypnotic for sleep disorders, sertraline is an
SSRI for depression and anxiety, and buspirone is an anxiolytic, but not a
benzodiazepine.
2. A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client who is prescribed digoxin.
Which of the following statements by the client indicates understanding?
A) "I should take my pulse and withhold the medication if my pulse is below 60
beats per minute."
B) "I can take my digoxin with food to avoid an upset stomach."
C) "It is safe for me to take an over-the-counter cold medication while on digoxin."
D) "I can stop taking digoxin if I feel better."
Answer: A) "I should take my pulse and withhold the medication if my pulse is
below 60 beats per minute."
Rationale: Digoxin slows the heart rate. A pulse rate below 60 beats per minute is
a sign of digoxin toxicity, and the medication should be withheld. It can be taken
with or without food, but cold medications may interact with digoxin, and the
medication should not be stopped abruptly.
3. A client is prescribed a statin for hyperlipidemia. The nurse should monitor for
which of the following adverse effects?
A) Hypokalemia
B) Liver dysfunction
,C) Hyperglycemia
D) Tachycardia
Answer: B) Liver dysfunction
Rationale: Statins can cause liver damage, which is why liver function tests are
monitored. They do not typically cause hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, or
tachycardia.
4. Which of the following is the most serious adverse effect of opioid analgesics?
A) Nausea and vomiting
B) Respiratory depression
C) Constipation
D) Dizziness
Answer: B) Respiratory depression
Rationale: Opioids can cause respiratory depression, which is the most serious
adverse effect and can be life-threatening. Other side effects, such as nausea,
constipation, and dizziness, are common but less severe.
5. A client is taking warfarin and asks the nurse about food interactions. Which
of the following foods should the client avoid?
A) Oranges
B) Leafy green vegetables
C) Bananas
D) Whole grain bread
Answer: B) Leafy green vegetables
Rationale: Leafy green vegetables are high in vitamin K, which can interfere with
the effectiveness of warfarin. Warfarin is an anticoagulant, and vitamin K
promotes clotting, which can counteract the drug’s effect. Other foods do not
significantly interact with warfarin.
, 6. A client is prescribed an antibiotic for a urinary tract infection. The nurse
should monitor for which of the following adverse effects?
A) Tinnitus
B) Hyperkalemia
C) Photosensitivity
D) Weight gain
Answer: C) Photosensitivity
Rationale: Many antibiotics, such as tetracyclines, can cause photosensitivity,
which makes the skin more prone to sunburn. Tinnitus is related to some ototoxic
drugs, hyperkalemia is a concern with potassium-sparing diuretics, and weight
gain is not a common adverse effect of antibiotics.
7. A client is taking a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) for depression.
Which of the following is a common adverse effect of SSRIs?
A) Dry mouth
B) Sedation
C) Sexual dysfunction
D) Hypertension
Answer: C) Sexual dysfunction
Rationale: Sexual dysfunction, including decreased libido and difficulty achieving
orgasm, is a common side effect of SSRIs. Dry mouth and sedation are more
commonly seen with tricyclic antidepressants, while SSRIs are not associated with
hypertension.
8. A nurse is administering insulin to a client with type 1 diabetes. Which of the
following should the nurse monitor for to assess for hypoglycemia?
A) Tachycardia
B) Weight loss
C) Hypertension
D) Increased thirst
