1. Which of the following is a common side effect of opioid analgesics?
a) Bradycardia
b) Diarrhea
c) Constipation
d) Hypertension
Answer: c) Constipation
Rationale: Opioids frequently cause constipation due to their effect on the
gastrointestinal system. They decrease peristalsis, leading to slower bowel
movements.
2. What is the primary action of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)
inhibitors?
a) Increase blood pressure
b) Decrease heart rate
c) Vasodilation and decreased blood pressure
d) Increase renal filtration
Answer: c) Vasodilation and decreased blood pressure
Rationale: ACE inhibitors block the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, a
potent vasoconstrictor, leading to vasodilation and a reduction in blood pressure.
3. Which of the following medications is most commonly prescribed to treat
hypertension?
a) Atorvastatin
b) Lisinopril
c) Furosemide
d) Metformin
Answer: b) Lisinopril
Rationale: Lisinopril is an ACE inhibitor commonly prescribed for hypertension, as
it helps relax blood vessels and reduce blood pressure.
,4. A patient is prescribed warfarin. Which of the following lab values should be
monitored regularly?
a) Platelet count
b) Prothrombin time (PT) and international normalized ratio (INR)
c) Serum potassium levels
d) Liver function tests
Answer: b) Prothrombin time (PT) and international normalized ratio (INR)
Rationale: Warfarin is an anticoagulant, and PT/INR are used to monitor the drug's
effect on blood clotting, ensuring the patient is within a therapeutic range.
5. Which medication is considered a first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes?
a) Metformin
b) Insulin
c) Glucagon
d) Glyburide
Answer: a) Metformin
Rationale: Metformin is the first-line medication for type 2 diabetes because it
improves insulin sensitivity and reduces hepatic glucose production.
6. Which of the following medications can cause photosensitivity as a side
effect?
a) Diazepam
b) Tetracycline
c) Loratadine
d) Atenolol
Answer: b) Tetracycline
Rationale: Tetracycline antibiotics are known to increase the skin's sensitivity to
sunlight, potentially causing sunburn or rashes with sun exposure.
, 7. Which of the following medications is an example of a proton pump inhibitor
(PPI)?
a) Ranitidine
b) Omeprazole
c) Sucralfate
d) Famotidine
Answer: b) Omeprazole
Rationale: Omeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor that works by reducing stomach
acid production, used to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and peptic
ulcers.
8. What is the antidote for a benzodiazepine overdose?
a) Naloxone
b) Flumazenil
c) Protamine sulfate
d) Vitamin K
Answer: b) Flumazenil
Rationale: Flumazenil is a benzodiazepine antagonist used to reverse the sedative
effects of a benzodiazepine overdose.
9. A patient on digoxin therapy develops nausea, vomiting, and visual
disturbances. What should the nurse suspect?
a) Drug overdose
b) Hypoglycemia
c) Hepatotoxicity
d) Renal failure
Answer: a) Drug overdose
a) Bradycardia
b) Diarrhea
c) Constipation
d) Hypertension
Answer: c) Constipation
Rationale: Opioids frequently cause constipation due to their effect on the
gastrointestinal system. They decrease peristalsis, leading to slower bowel
movements.
2. What is the primary action of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)
inhibitors?
a) Increase blood pressure
b) Decrease heart rate
c) Vasodilation and decreased blood pressure
d) Increase renal filtration
Answer: c) Vasodilation and decreased blood pressure
Rationale: ACE inhibitors block the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, a
potent vasoconstrictor, leading to vasodilation and a reduction in blood pressure.
3. Which of the following medications is most commonly prescribed to treat
hypertension?
a) Atorvastatin
b) Lisinopril
c) Furosemide
d) Metformin
Answer: b) Lisinopril
Rationale: Lisinopril is an ACE inhibitor commonly prescribed for hypertension, as
it helps relax blood vessels and reduce blood pressure.
,4. A patient is prescribed warfarin. Which of the following lab values should be
monitored regularly?
a) Platelet count
b) Prothrombin time (PT) and international normalized ratio (INR)
c) Serum potassium levels
d) Liver function tests
Answer: b) Prothrombin time (PT) and international normalized ratio (INR)
Rationale: Warfarin is an anticoagulant, and PT/INR are used to monitor the drug's
effect on blood clotting, ensuring the patient is within a therapeutic range.
5. Which medication is considered a first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes?
a) Metformin
b) Insulin
c) Glucagon
d) Glyburide
Answer: a) Metformin
Rationale: Metformin is the first-line medication for type 2 diabetes because it
improves insulin sensitivity and reduces hepatic glucose production.
6. Which of the following medications can cause photosensitivity as a side
effect?
a) Diazepam
b) Tetracycline
c) Loratadine
d) Atenolol
Answer: b) Tetracycline
Rationale: Tetracycline antibiotics are known to increase the skin's sensitivity to
sunlight, potentially causing sunburn or rashes with sun exposure.
, 7. Which of the following medications is an example of a proton pump inhibitor
(PPI)?
a) Ranitidine
b) Omeprazole
c) Sucralfate
d) Famotidine
Answer: b) Omeprazole
Rationale: Omeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor that works by reducing stomach
acid production, used to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and peptic
ulcers.
8. What is the antidote for a benzodiazepine overdose?
a) Naloxone
b) Flumazenil
c) Protamine sulfate
d) Vitamin K
Answer: b) Flumazenil
Rationale: Flumazenil is a benzodiazepine antagonist used to reverse the sedative
effects of a benzodiazepine overdose.
9. A patient on digoxin therapy develops nausea, vomiting, and visual
disturbances. What should the nurse suspect?
a) Drug overdose
b) Hypoglycemia
c) Hepatotoxicity
d) Renal failure
Answer: a) Drug overdose
