1. Which of the following medications is used to treat acute asthma attacks?
a) Albuterol
b) Montelukast
c) Salmeterol
d) Beclomethasone
Answer: a) Albuterol
Rationale: Albuterol is a short-acting beta-agonist (SABA) that is used for the quick
relief of acute asthma symptoms. It works by relaxing the smooth muscles of the
airways, improving airflow during an asthma attack.
2. A nurse is administering furosemide (Lasix) to a client. Which electrolyte
imbalance should the nurse monitor for?
a) Hyperkalemia
b) Hypercalcemia
c) Hypokalemia
d) Hypernatremia
Answer: c) Hypokalemia
Rationale: Furosemide is a loop diuretic that promotes the excretion of sodium,
chloride, and potassium. Hypokalemia (low potassium levels) is a common side
effect, so the nurse should monitor the patient's potassium levels and consider
supplementation if necessary.
3. Which of the following is a common side effect of opioids like morphine?
a) Diarrhea
b) Constipation
c) Insomnia
d) Hypertension
Answer: b) Constipation
,Rationale: Opioids, such as morphine, commonly cause constipation due to their
effects on the gastrointestinal tract, which slows motility. Patients receiving
opioids should be monitored for constipation and may require a stool softener or
laxative.
4. A nurse is administering warfarin to a client. Which laboratory test should be
monitored to assess the therapeutic effect of warfarin?
a) Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)
b) Prothrombin time (PT)
c) Hemoglobin
d) Platelet count
Answer: b) Prothrombin time (PT)
Rationale: Warfarin is an anticoagulant that affects clotting factors. The
prothrombin time (PT) and international normalized ratio (INR) are used to
monitor the therapeutic effect of warfarin. The INR should be within a therapeutic
range (usually 2.0–3.0) for most conditions.
5. Which of the following drugs is classified as a selective serotonin reuptake
inhibitor (SSRI)?
a) Amitriptyline
b) Fluoxetine
c) Phenelzine
d) Trazodone
Answer: b) Fluoxetine
Rationale: Fluoxetine is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) used
primarily to treat depression and anxiety disorders. SSRIs increase serotonin levels
in the brain by inhibiting its reuptake, leading to mood improvement.
6. A client is prescribed a benzodiazepine for anxiety. Which of the following is
an expected side effect of this medication?
, a) Hypertension
b) Drowsiness
c) Diarrhea
d) Tachycardia
Answer: b) Drowsiness
Rationale: Benzodiazepines, such as lorazepam or diazepam, are central nervous
system depressants and commonly cause drowsiness or sedation. Clients should
be advised not to drive or operate heavy machinery while taking these
medications.
7. Which of the following medications should be avoided in a patient with a
history of peptic ulcer disease?
a) Acetaminophen
b) Ibuprofen
c) Diphenhydramine
d) Loratadine
Answer: b) Ibuprofen
Rationale: Ibuprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), which can
irritate the gastrointestinal (GI) lining and increase the risk of gastric ulcers and
bleeding, particularly in patients with a history of peptic ulcer disease.
8. A client is prescribed an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Which
of the following is a common side effect of ACE inhibitors?
a) Hypoglycemia
b) Dry cough
c) Tachycardia
d) Weight gain
Answer: b) Dry cough
a) Albuterol
b) Montelukast
c) Salmeterol
d) Beclomethasone
Answer: a) Albuterol
Rationale: Albuterol is a short-acting beta-agonist (SABA) that is used for the quick
relief of acute asthma symptoms. It works by relaxing the smooth muscles of the
airways, improving airflow during an asthma attack.
2. A nurse is administering furosemide (Lasix) to a client. Which electrolyte
imbalance should the nurse monitor for?
a) Hyperkalemia
b) Hypercalcemia
c) Hypokalemia
d) Hypernatremia
Answer: c) Hypokalemia
Rationale: Furosemide is a loop diuretic that promotes the excretion of sodium,
chloride, and potassium. Hypokalemia (low potassium levels) is a common side
effect, so the nurse should monitor the patient's potassium levels and consider
supplementation if necessary.
3. Which of the following is a common side effect of opioids like morphine?
a) Diarrhea
b) Constipation
c) Insomnia
d) Hypertension
Answer: b) Constipation
,Rationale: Opioids, such as morphine, commonly cause constipation due to their
effects on the gastrointestinal tract, which slows motility. Patients receiving
opioids should be monitored for constipation and may require a stool softener or
laxative.
4. A nurse is administering warfarin to a client. Which laboratory test should be
monitored to assess the therapeutic effect of warfarin?
a) Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)
b) Prothrombin time (PT)
c) Hemoglobin
d) Platelet count
Answer: b) Prothrombin time (PT)
Rationale: Warfarin is an anticoagulant that affects clotting factors. The
prothrombin time (PT) and international normalized ratio (INR) are used to
monitor the therapeutic effect of warfarin. The INR should be within a therapeutic
range (usually 2.0–3.0) for most conditions.
5. Which of the following drugs is classified as a selective serotonin reuptake
inhibitor (SSRI)?
a) Amitriptyline
b) Fluoxetine
c) Phenelzine
d) Trazodone
Answer: b) Fluoxetine
Rationale: Fluoxetine is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) used
primarily to treat depression and anxiety disorders. SSRIs increase serotonin levels
in the brain by inhibiting its reuptake, leading to mood improvement.
6. A client is prescribed a benzodiazepine for anxiety. Which of the following is
an expected side effect of this medication?
, a) Hypertension
b) Drowsiness
c) Diarrhea
d) Tachycardia
Answer: b) Drowsiness
Rationale: Benzodiazepines, such as lorazepam or diazepam, are central nervous
system depressants and commonly cause drowsiness or sedation. Clients should
be advised not to drive or operate heavy machinery while taking these
medications.
7. Which of the following medications should be avoided in a patient with a
history of peptic ulcer disease?
a) Acetaminophen
b) Ibuprofen
c) Diphenhydramine
d) Loratadine
Answer: b) Ibuprofen
Rationale: Ibuprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), which can
irritate the gastrointestinal (GI) lining and increase the risk of gastric ulcers and
bleeding, particularly in patients with a history of peptic ulcer disease.
8. A client is prescribed an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Which
of the following is a common side effect of ACE inhibitors?
a) Hypoglycemia
b) Dry cough
c) Tachycardia
d) Weight gain
Answer: b) Dry cough
