PH Midterm exam QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS 100% CORRECT!!
How are the fields of public health and medicine complementary and different?
Name one important difference between the two. - ANSWER- Policy prevention v.
scientific treatment
- medicine is specific to the body
- PH focuses on community prevention to health issues
How is health defined, theoretically and in practice? - ANSWERin practice:
diagnosable morbidity, mortality, and disability usually guides public health efforts to
improve health status.
theoretical: a state characterized by anatomical, physiological, and psychological
integrity; ability to perform personally valued family, work, and community roles;
ability to deal with physical, biological, and psychological and social stress; a feeling
of well-being
How does the WHO define Health? - ANSWERa state of complete physical, social,
and mental well- being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
What is epidemiology? - ANSWERmethod to find out the causes of health outcomes
and diseases and populations
- patient is the community
- the study of distribution and determinants of health-related states and events in
specified populations
What are the major differences among the Epidemiological Triangle, the PRECEDE-
PROCEED model, and the Health Impact Pyramid? - ANSWEREpidemiological
triangle- A visual representation that can be used to show how epidemics and
infectious diseases spread throughout communities and what makes them a threat to
public health. The triangle points are agent, host, and environment and can show
how each of the three factors can lead to the other and vice versa. need to eliminate
2 to stop at least one of them.
PRECEDE-PROCEED model-PRECEDE stands for Predisposing, Reinforcing, and
Enabling Constructs in Educational Diagnosis and Evaluation. PROCEED stands for
Policy, Regulatory, and Organizational Constructs in Educational and Environmental
Development. Focuses on why people make poor health choices, self-efficacy, and
what people can do to take better care of themselves
Health impact pyramid- bottom to top (increasing personal effort needed to better
ones health) top to bottom (increasing impact on the health of the population at
hand) shows that socioeconomic status is a big foundation in PH for the community
and also builds a foundation for people to better their own health
What do we mean by "determinants of health"? What do we mean when we say
there are multiple determinants of health? - ANSWERthe way we define health and
the complex set of factors that can impact one's health
- SES
, -genetic inheritance
-physical environment (living conditions, smog intake, weather)
- personal choices (drinking, smoking)
- personal injury
-healthcare access
What have you learned about the legal basis of public health practice and the
relationship between the federal, state and local governments in public health?
Discuss the importance of the 10th Amendment, Commerce Clause and "police
power" in structuring where authority for public health lies in the U.S. - ANSWER-
10th amendment: states that any power that is not designated to the federal
government is within the power of the states; this can be seen in public health
because of the large role state legislation plays in creating a public health system
within the state legislator
- commerce clause: the constitutional permission for the federal government to
regulate interstate commerce. This can be important in the world of public health
because most of the power with making decisions on health is held within the state,
but there are certain instances when it comes to dividing up regulations that are
given to the federal government. An example of this would be requiring masks as a
federal mandate when traveling.
- police power: the power to regulate and coerce people for the benefit and welfare
of society. This can be seen in PH because most state governments delegate power
to local governments when it comes to monitoring public health in that area. Police
can have the power to enforce laws based on the state of that particular community.
What role did John Snow play in PH? - ANSWERreferred to as the 'father of public
health'; he was the leading developer of medical hygiene and used his interests to
study and attempt to combat the cholera outbreaks in London in 1853
How did the Industrial Revolution affect health and quality of life for average
persons? - ANSWERthe increase of people migrating to live in big cities led to tight
living conditions as well as unsanitary conditions that led to the rapid spread of
disease and other issues with plumbing, clean water, animals carrying disease, etc.
New diseases were also brought west from Europe. A larger gap was created
between social classes, leading to the poorer people suffering from lower quality of
life.
How does the U.S. concept of Federalism affect how public health is organized in
this country? - ANSWERSimilar to the 10th amendment, there can be federalism
seen within the law making in PH. The federal government only has so much power
for what rules it can make with health concerns for the country, so most of the power
for laws lies within the states. The federal government can mostly just suggest ideas
to prevent injury and disease, but the states are the ones that can enforce laws (EX:
mask mandates) The federal government has control over the funding given to the
states due to PH issues and can enforce laws when it comes to interstate commerce
(travel)
What are the 3 core functions of public health? - ANSWERAssessment- What is
going on in the community or with a specific patient that is causing an issue?
ANSWERS 100% CORRECT!!
How are the fields of public health and medicine complementary and different?
Name one important difference between the two. - ANSWER- Policy prevention v.
scientific treatment
- medicine is specific to the body
- PH focuses on community prevention to health issues
How is health defined, theoretically and in practice? - ANSWERin practice:
diagnosable morbidity, mortality, and disability usually guides public health efforts to
improve health status.
theoretical: a state characterized by anatomical, physiological, and psychological
integrity; ability to perform personally valued family, work, and community roles;
ability to deal with physical, biological, and psychological and social stress; a feeling
of well-being
How does the WHO define Health? - ANSWERa state of complete physical, social,
and mental well- being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
What is epidemiology? - ANSWERmethod to find out the causes of health outcomes
and diseases and populations
- patient is the community
- the study of distribution and determinants of health-related states and events in
specified populations
What are the major differences among the Epidemiological Triangle, the PRECEDE-
PROCEED model, and the Health Impact Pyramid? - ANSWEREpidemiological
triangle- A visual representation that can be used to show how epidemics and
infectious diseases spread throughout communities and what makes them a threat to
public health. The triangle points are agent, host, and environment and can show
how each of the three factors can lead to the other and vice versa. need to eliminate
2 to stop at least one of them.
PRECEDE-PROCEED model-PRECEDE stands for Predisposing, Reinforcing, and
Enabling Constructs in Educational Diagnosis and Evaluation. PROCEED stands for
Policy, Regulatory, and Organizational Constructs in Educational and Environmental
Development. Focuses on why people make poor health choices, self-efficacy, and
what people can do to take better care of themselves
Health impact pyramid- bottom to top (increasing personal effort needed to better
ones health) top to bottom (increasing impact on the health of the population at
hand) shows that socioeconomic status is a big foundation in PH for the community
and also builds a foundation for people to better their own health
What do we mean by "determinants of health"? What do we mean when we say
there are multiple determinants of health? - ANSWERthe way we define health and
the complex set of factors that can impact one's health
- SES
, -genetic inheritance
-physical environment (living conditions, smog intake, weather)
- personal choices (drinking, smoking)
- personal injury
-healthcare access
What have you learned about the legal basis of public health practice and the
relationship between the federal, state and local governments in public health?
Discuss the importance of the 10th Amendment, Commerce Clause and "police
power" in structuring where authority for public health lies in the U.S. - ANSWER-
10th amendment: states that any power that is not designated to the federal
government is within the power of the states; this can be seen in public health
because of the large role state legislation plays in creating a public health system
within the state legislator
- commerce clause: the constitutional permission for the federal government to
regulate interstate commerce. This can be important in the world of public health
because most of the power with making decisions on health is held within the state,
but there are certain instances when it comes to dividing up regulations that are
given to the federal government. An example of this would be requiring masks as a
federal mandate when traveling.
- police power: the power to regulate and coerce people for the benefit and welfare
of society. This can be seen in PH because most state governments delegate power
to local governments when it comes to monitoring public health in that area. Police
can have the power to enforce laws based on the state of that particular community.
What role did John Snow play in PH? - ANSWERreferred to as the 'father of public
health'; he was the leading developer of medical hygiene and used his interests to
study and attempt to combat the cholera outbreaks in London in 1853
How did the Industrial Revolution affect health and quality of life for average
persons? - ANSWERthe increase of people migrating to live in big cities led to tight
living conditions as well as unsanitary conditions that led to the rapid spread of
disease and other issues with plumbing, clean water, animals carrying disease, etc.
New diseases were also brought west from Europe. A larger gap was created
between social classes, leading to the poorer people suffering from lower quality of
life.
How does the U.S. concept of Federalism affect how public health is organized in
this country? - ANSWERSimilar to the 10th amendment, there can be federalism
seen within the law making in PH. The federal government only has so much power
for what rules it can make with health concerns for the country, so most of the power
for laws lies within the states. The federal government can mostly just suggest ideas
to prevent injury and disease, but the states are the ones that can enforce laws (EX:
mask mandates) The federal government has control over the funding given to the
states due to PH issues and can enforce laws when it comes to interstate commerce
(travel)
What are the 3 core functions of public health? - ANSWERAssessment- What is
going on in the community or with a specific patient that is causing an issue?
