ACS CHEMISTRY FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
• milli (m) (m has 3 lines, upside down it's a w (win) so negative=loss): 10^-3
• micro (inapropppiate joke, i don't want Quizlet to ban me lol): 10^-6
• nano: 10^-9
• pico (p): 10^-12
• mono: one, single, alone
• di: two
• tri: three (tricycle)
• tetra: four (tetrapod) - dogs, cats, vertebrae animals
• penta: five (pentagon)
• hexa: 6 (hexagon)
• hepta: 7 (heptagon)
• octa: 8 (octopus, stop)
• nona: 9 (no = neign in German)
• deca: 10 (decade = 10 years)
• molar mass: the mass of one mole of a pure substance
• molar ratio: ratio of coefficients in a chemical equation
• limiting reactant: A reactant that is totally consumed during a chemical reac-tion, limits
the extent of the reaction, and determines the amount of product.
• percent composition: the percent by mass of each element in a compound
• molarity: the number of moles of solute per liter of solution
• percent yield: actual yield/theoretical yield x 100
• empirical formula: a chemical formula showing the ratio of elements in acompound rather
than the total number of atoms
• molecular formula: A chemical formula that shows the number and kinds ofatoms in a
molecule, but not the arrangement of the atoms.
• gas laws: describe how the behavior of gases is affected by pressure, volume,and
temperature
, • partial pressure: the pressure of each gas in a mixture
• STP: standard temperature and pressure
• kinetic molecular theory: the theory that all matter is composed of particles(atoms and
molecules) moving constantly in random directions
• barometer: measures air pressure (atm)
• manometers: measure gas pressure in a closed container
• frequency: the number of complete wavelengths that pass a point in a giventime
• wavelength: Horizontal distance between the crests or between the troughs oftwo adjacent
waves
• stoichiometry: The calculation of quantities in chemical reactions."train tracks"
• atomic structure: The atom consists of three component parts: Protons, Neu-trons, and
Electrons.
• proton: positive charge
• neutron: no charge; subatomic particle with a mass approximately the same asthat of
protons
• electron: negatively charged particle
• molecular structure: the arrangement of atoms within a molecule
• molecular bonding: a chemical bond that involves the sharing of electron pairsbetween
atoms
• states of matter: solid, liquid, gas, plasma
• solid: Definite shape and volume
• gas: A state of matter with no definite shape or volume; takes up more spacecompared to
liquids and solids
• solution: A mixture that forms when one substance dissolves another.
• homogeneous solution: a mixture in which you cannot see the different parts
• heterogeneous solution: A mixture in which different parts can be easily dis-tinguished
• solvent: the substance in which the solute dissolves; substance is present in thelargest
proportion in a solution
• solute: the substance that is dissolved; smallest proportion in a solution
• thermochemistry: the study of energy changes that occur during chemicalreactions and
changes in state
• thermodynamics: The study of energy transformations that occur in a collectionof matter.
• equilibrium: a state in which opposing forces or influences are balanced.
• milli (m) (m has 3 lines, upside down it's a w (win) so negative=loss): 10^-3
• micro (inapropppiate joke, i don't want Quizlet to ban me lol): 10^-6
• nano: 10^-9
• pico (p): 10^-12
• mono: one, single, alone
• di: two
• tri: three (tricycle)
• tetra: four (tetrapod) - dogs, cats, vertebrae animals
• penta: five (pentagon)
• hexa: 6 (hexagon)
• hepta: 7 (heptagon)
• octa: 8 (octopus, stop)
• nona: 9 (no = neign in German)
• deca: 10 (decade = 10 years)
• molar mass: the mass of one mole of a pure substance
• molar ratio: ratio of coefficients in a chemical equation
• limiting reactant: A reactant that is totally consumed during a chemical reac-tion, limits
the extent of the reaction, and determines the amount of product.
• percent composition: the percent by mass of each element in a compound
• molarity: the number of moles of solute per liter of solution
• percent yield: actual yield/theoretical yield x 100
• empirical formula: a chemical formula showing the ratio of elements in acompound rather
than the total number of atoms
• molecular formula: A chemical formula that shows the number and kinds ofatoms in a
molecule, but not the arrangement of the atoms.
• gas laws: describe how the behavior of gases is affected by pressure, volume,and
temperature
, • partial pressure: the pressure of each gas in a mixture
• STP: standard temperature and pressure
• kinetic molecular theory: the theory that all matter is composed of particles(atoms and
molecules) moving constantly in random directions
• barometer: measures air pressure (atm)
• manometers: measure gas pressure in a closed container
• frequency: the number of complete wavelengths that pass a point in a giventime
• wavelength: Horizontal distance between the crests or between the troughs oftwo adjacent
waves
• stoichiometry: The calculation of quantities in chemical reactions."train tracks"
• atomic structure: The atom consists of three component parts: Protons, Neu-trons, and
Electrons.
• proton: positive charge
• neutron: no charge; subatomic particle with a mass approximately the same asthat of
protons
• electron: negatively charged particle
• molecular structure: the arrangement of atoms within a molecule
• molecular bonding: a chemical bond that involves the sharing of electron pairsbetween
atoms
• states of matter: solid, liquid, gas, plasma
• solid: Definite shape and volume
• gas: A state of matter with no definite shape or volume; takes up more spacecompared to
liquids and solids
• solution: A mixture that forms when one substance dissolves another.
• homogeneous solution: a mixture in which you cannot see the different parts
• heterogeneous solution: A mixture in which different parts can be easily dis-tinguished
• solvent: the substance in which the solute dissolves; substance is present in thelargest
proportion in a solution
• solute: the substance that is dissolved; smallest proportion in a solution
• thermochemistry: the study of energy changes that occur during chemicalreactions and
changes in state
• thermodynamics: The study of energy transformations that occur in a collectionof matter.
• equilibrium: a state in which opposing forces or influences are balanced.
