Nutrition 120 Final Exam Questions and Answers-Latest
2025 Update.
Vitamins are organic because... - Correct Answer of their carbon and hydrogen bonds
How many nutrients are needed on a regular basis? - Correct Answer 50
What is the best alternative to cows milk? - Correct Answer fortified soy milk
Lacto-Vegetarian - Correct Answer excludes animal flesh and eggs but does include dairy
products
ovo-vegetarian - Correct Answer Person who consumes all vegan food items plus eggs.
Disease Mitigation - Correct Answer things that do everything in their power to lower their
risk of getting a disease or harmful health problems
The Nutrients - Correct Answer 1) Fat
2) Protein
3) Carbohydrate
4) Vitamins
5) Minerals
6) Fiber
Macro-nutrients - Correct Answer -provide energy
-fat, protein, carbohydrate
Micronutrients - Correct Answer vitamins and minerals
Canada's Food Guide to Healthy Eating - Correct Answer -proportion
-variety
-moderation
,E.A.R (estimated average allowance) - Correct Answer -amount of a nutrient that meets
the needs of half your population
-can only be set if there is enough information on the population
R.D.A (recommended daily allowance) - Correct Answer -must be calculated statistically
from the EAR
-can never start with this, must start with an EAR first
-average daily nutrient that covers most of the
AI (adequate intake) - Correct Answer -used when the EAR cannot be determined
UL (tolerable upper intake level) - Correct Answer -max amount of a nutrient that appears
safe for most of the healthy people in that population
-anything above this level can increase risk of adverse health effects
Essential Nutrient Fat - Correct Answer -linoleic acid
-linolenic acid
Essential Nutrient Protein - Correct Answer -chart of 9 are essential
-other 11 are non-essential
Essential Nutrient Carbohydrate - Correct Answer -glucose that gets broken down by
carbohydrates
Essential Nutrient Vitamins - Correct Answer -all 13 are essential
Why is vitamin D not completely essential? - Correct Answer because of seasons where
the sun does not rise enough for out bodies to make vitamin D
Essential Nutrient Minerals - Correct Answer -all of them
-there is speculation that not all of these found in the body play a role in maintaining the
body
1 gram of carbohydrate - Correct Answer 4 kcal
,1 gram of protein - Correct Answer 4 kcal
1 gram of fat - Correct Answer 9 kcal
1 gram of alcohol - Correct Answer 7 kcal
Canadian Eating Patterns and Trends - Correct Answer 1) Canadians have reduced the
percent of fat from 40% to 32%.
2) Total Kcal has increased by about 200-300 kcal/day.
Why Have Overweight/Obesity become an epidemic? - Correct Answer a) decrease in
physical activity
b) "toxic food environment"
Toxic Food Environment - Correct Answer -obesogenic environment
-easy, cheap food is the unhealthiest that is high in calories, fat with minimal vitamins,
minerals and fibre
Triglyceride - Correct Answer -most important form in food/nutrition
-98% of all fat we eat
-made up of fatty acid 1,2 and 3 (glycerol)
Glycerol - Correct Answer -Combines with fatty acids to make lipids
2-4 carbons - Correct Answer short chain fatty acids
6-12 carbons - Correct Answer medium chain fatty acids
14-33 carbons - Correct Answer long chain fatty acids
How are fatty acids made? - Correct Answer condensation reaction (water coming out)
What happens every time you introduce a double bond into a fatty acid? - Correct Answer
you increase the chance of the fatty acid becoming oxidized
, Scaly Dermatitis - Correct Answer -essential fatty acid deficiency
-skin looks cracked, flakey, and possible bleeding
essential fatty acid deficiency - Correct Answer -impaired growth
-excess loss of water through skin
Role of Fat in the Diet - Correct Answer 1) Source of Kcal
2) Provides essential fatty acids
3) Carries fat soluble vitamins (ADEK)
4) Palatability (mouthfeel)
Role of Fat in the Body - Correct Answer 1) Insulation
2) Protection: protects the skeleton and vital organs
3) Energy Reserve: store of calories in fat
4) Precursors for other bio molecules (from fatty acids and cholesterol)
Hydrogenation - Correct Answer -manufacturing/food processing practice
-transforms oil into harder fat (spreadable; hard)
-enhances shelf life of processed foods
Fat Hydrogenation: The Process - Correct Answer 1) Take any oil
2) Add heat and pressure that forces hydrogen bonds into the double bonds
-if step 2 is done partially, you would have partially hydrogenated oil that is spreadable but
if its is fully hydrogenated it will result in a hard stick
Trans Fatty Acids - Correct Answer -a category of fatty acids formed in the hydrogenation
process
-most naturally occurring have "cis" double bonds
-hydrogenation produces "trans" double bonds
-the kinks are why they are liquid
-if the kinks fit together and are able to stack, they will be solid
2025 Update.
Vitamins are organic because... - Correct Answer of their carbon and hydrogen bonds
How many nutrients are needed on a regular basis? - Correct Answer 50
What is the best alternative to cows milk? - Correct Answer fortified soy milk
Lacto-Vegetarian - Correct Answer excludes animal flesh and eggs but does include dairy
products
ovo-vegetarian - Correct Answer Person who consumes all vegan food items plus eggs.
Disease Mitigation - Correct Answer things that do everything in their power to lower their
risk of getting a disease or harmful health problems
The Nutrients - Correct Answer 1) Fat
2) Protein
3) Carbohydrate
4) Vitamins
5) Minerals
6) Fiber
Macro-nutrients - Correct Answer -provide energy
-fat, protein, carbohydrate
Micronutrients - Correct Answer vitamins and minerals
Canada's Food Guide to Healthy Eating - Correct Answer -proportion
-variety
-moderation
,E.A.R (estimated average allowance) - Correct Answer -amount of a nutrient that meets
the needs of half your population
-can only be set if there is enough information on the population
R.D.A (recommended daily allowance) - Correct Answer -must be calculated statistically
from the EAR
-can never start with this, must start with an EAR first
-average daily nutrient that covers most of the
AI (adequate intake) - Correct Answer -used when the EAR cannot be determined
UL (tolerable upper intake level) - Correct Answer -max amount of a nutrient that appears
safe for most of the healthy people in that population
-anything above this level can increase risk of adverse health effects
Essential Nutrient Fat - Correct Answer -linoleic acid
-linolenic acid
Essential Nutrient Protein - Correct Answer -chart of 9 are essential
-other 11 are non-essential
Essential Nutrient Carbohydrate - Correct Answer -glucose that gets broken down by
carbohydrates
Essential Nutrient Vitamins - Correct Answer -all 13 are essential
Why is vitamin D not completely essential? - Correct Answer because of seasons where
the sun does not rise enough for out bodies to make vitamin D
Essential Nutrient Minerals - Correct Answer -all of them
-there is speculation that not all of these found in the body play a role in maintaining the
body
1 gram of carbohydrate - Correct Answer 4 kcal
,1 gram of protein - Correct Answer 4 kcal
1 gram of fat - Correct Answer 9 kcal
1 gram of alcohol - Correct Answer 7 kcal
Canadian Eating Patterns and Trends - Correct Answer 1) Canadians have reduced the
percent of fat from 40% to 32%.
2) Total Kcal has increased by about 200-300 kcal/day.
Why Have Overweight/Obesity become an epidemic? - Correct Answer a) decrease in
physical activity
b) "toxic food environment"
Toxic Food Environment - Correct Answer -obesogenic environment
-easy, cheap food is the unhealthiest that is high in calories, fat with minimal vitamins,
minerals and fibre
Triglyceride - Correct Answer -most important form in food/nutrition
-98% of all fat we eat
-made up of fatty acid 1,2 and 3 (glycerol)
Glycerol - Correct Answer -Combines with fatty acids to make lipids
2-4 carbons - Correct Answer short chain fatty acids
6-12 carbons - Correct Answer medium chain fatty acids
14-33 carbons - Correct Answer long chain fatty acids
How are fatty acids made? - Correct Answer condensation reaction (water coming out)
What happens every time you introduce a double bond into a fatty acid? - Correct Answer
you increase the chance of the fatty acid becoming oxidized
, Scaly Dermatitis - Correct Answer -essential fatty acid deficiency
-skin looks cracked, flakey, and possible bleeding
essential fatty acid deficiency - Correct Answer -impaired growth
-excess loss of water through skin
Role of Fat in the Diet - Correct Answer 1) Source of Kcal
2) Provides essential fatty acids
3) Carries fat soluble vitamins (ADEK)
4) Palatability (mouthfeel)
Role of Fat in the Body - Correct Answer 1) Insulation
2) Protection: protects the skeleton and vital organs
3) Energy Reserve: store of calories in fat
4) Precursors for other bio molecules (from fatty acids and cholesterol)
Hydrogenation - Correct Answer -manufacturing/food processing practice
-transforms oil into harder fat (spreadable; hard)
-enhances shelf life of processed foods
Fat Hydrogenation: The Process - Correct Answer 1) Take any oil
2) Add heat and pressure that forces hydrogen bonds into the double bonds
-if step 2 is done partially, you would have partially hydrogenated oil that is spreadable but
if its is fully hydrogenated it will result in a hard stick
Trans Fatty Acids - Correct Answer -a category of fatty acids formed in the hydrogenation
process
-most naturally occurring have "cis" double bonds
-hydrogenation produces "trans" double bonds
-the kinks are why they are liquid
-if the kinks fit together and are able to stack, they will be solid
