THE ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF HUMAN BODY GUIDE WITH QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED RELIABLE ANSWERS

THE ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF HUMAN BODY GUIDE WITH QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED RELIABLE ANSWERS Anatomy – ANSWER the study of the shape and structure of body parts What forms the disks between vertebrae? ANSWER fibrocartilage what covers ends of bones at joints – ANSWER hyaline cartilage Homeostasis: Answer the tendency of the body's system to maintain a relatively constant or balanced internal environment Which of the following best describes the location where the carotid pulse can be found? - ANSWER On the anterior side of the neck Physiology: Answer the branch of biological science that studies and describes how body parts work or function Anatomy: Answer the study of the shape and structure of body parts Metabolism: Answer the term that indicates all chemical reactions occurring in the body What are the four basic tissue types? Answer: nervous, epithelium, connective, muscle What do epithelial cells do? - ANSWER cover body surfaces or form glands can be somewhat far away from a blood vessel have a basement membrane that attaches to underlying tissues usually have a free surface that is not in contact with other cells Epithelium, which consists of a single layer of cells in which some cells are tall and thin and reach the free surface and others do not, is classified as: Answer: pseudoostratified columnar epithelium Which characteristics of tissues and cells would aid in diffusion or the movement of materials into and out of the body through the epithelium? Answer a single layer of relatively flat, thin cells match the connective tissues with their functional characteristic—ANSWER fibrocartilage--compressible but resists tearing or pulling forces blood-fluid allows cells to travel freely elastic cartilage--recoils to original shape when bent bone-strong and rigid Following an injury, chemicals are released or activated in the injured tissues. these chemicals called mediators of inflammation include histamine and prostaglandins The presence of mediators of inflammation results in ANSWER vasodilation of blood vessels Two types of phagocytic cells involved in tissue repair: neutrophils and macrophages What kind of cells are unicellular glands that produce mucas? homeostasis is the condition produced by the tendency for change in a body parameter to be counteracted as soon as the body parameter goes past its normal range of values When a person is in anatomical position, the wrist is _______ to the elbow. Answer distal The guillotine, a medival instrument for beheading criminals, could be described as passing along a _______ plane through the neck. ANSWER transverse What does the trunk of the body consist of? Answer the thorax, the abdomen, and the pelvis In which quadrant of the abdomen is most of the liver usually located? Answer: right upper quadrant The throracic cavity is separated from the abdominal cavity by the diaphragm The fluid found between serous membrane layers—ANSWER reduces friction State a fact about serous membranes: Visceral serous membranes are in contact with internal organs A young man is lying supine with his arms at his sides. His right index finger is _____ to his sternum. Answer lateral Which of the sections separates the body into right and left parts? Answer the median plane/ (midsagittal) section cavity containing the lungs but not the heart is the pleural cavity anatomical position refers to individuals that are - ANSWER standing erect, upper limbs at their sides and palms facing anterior The arm extends from the answer shoulder to the elbow Atoms that have gained or lost electrons are calledanswer ions A solution with a pH of 7 is considered to be neutral Answer lipids Salt was added to a beaker of distilled water (it was not stirred), and a sample taken from the bottom of the beaker was found to be twenty percent salt. At the same time, a sample taken from the top of the beaker was found to be two percent salt. What do you predict will happen if the beaker is left alone for twenty-four hours? i predict that the answer percent salt in top and bottom samples would be approximately equal to each other if sugar solution A, which is twice as concentrated as solution B, is separated from solution B by a selectively permeable membrane, there would be anet movement of water from B to A Solutions injected into tissues or into the circulatory system must be _____ to prevent crenation or swelling of cells. Answer isotonic If you place a red blood cell in a solution that is hypertonic to the cell, water will move _____ the cell, and the cell will _____. Answer out of: crenate if you place a teabag into a cup of hot water, water has a tendency to move into the tea bag because the tea bag is ______ to its environment (i.e. the teacup full of water) Answer: hypertonic when placed in a _____ solution, a cell will exhibit a net loss of water. the specific process by which the water leaves the cell is called ____ - ANSWER hypertonic; osmosis The hypodermis is—ANSWER can be used to estimate total body fat the dermis (ANSWER) contains fibroblasts, fat cells, and macrophages, has dermal papillae, consists of collagen and elastic fibers, and is responsible for most of the structural strength of the skin melanin (ANSWER) is produced by melanocytes scalp hairs are longer than eyelash hairs because—ANSWER—scalp hairs have a much longer growth cycle than eyelashes a yellowish skin color could be the result of liver damage Third-degree burns—ANSWER: result in excessive fluid loss describe the response to tissue damage and inflammation, including the chemical mediators and how they function. list five findings usually seen at an injury sight—ANSWER histamine and prostaglandins are mediators of inflammation. after an injury, these mediators are activated and it results in vasodilation of the blood vessels to help reduce inflammation. Neutrophils and macrophages are the white blood cells that help aid in injury as well. -redness -swelling -heat -pain -dysfuntion Draw the main body cavities and organs. Name the respective serous membranes of each. - ANSWER be able to look at a picture and decide between hypotonic, isotoinc, and hypertonic—ANSWER BONUS: one atmosphere is ______ mm of Hg the most common skin cancer is _____. the most common skin cancer is _______ the tallest mountain in the world is _____ at _____ feet One of the most important reversible reactions in the body is _____. normal body temp is _____ celsius a gallon of water weight ____lbs sweat is produced by ______ gals. a can of coke has ____ml an individual who has no melanin is described as being _____ There are ____ Supreme Court judges. name one: Answer 760 basal cell carcinoma melanoma mt. Everest at 29,029 ft CO2 + H2O = H+ + HCO-3 370 degrees celsius 8.34 lbs merocrine glands 375 ml albino 9 supreme court judges what are the four basic types of tissues—epithelial and connective—nonstimulated? muscle and nervous --tissue that can be stimulated ultimately create movement epithelial tissue—ANSWER lining inside of structures/outside of body (skin) also involved with glands is universally made up of almost entirely cells