Philosophies and Theories for Advanced Nursing Practice 3rd Edition Butts Test Bank

Test Bank for Philosophies and Theories for A
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dvanced Nursing Practice 3rd Edition
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Janie B. Butts and Karen L. Rich
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, Chapter 1 – Philosophy of Science: An Introduction yi yi yi yi yi yi yi




1. Why are natural sciences also referred to as ―pure‖ sciences?
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A. They are considered stand-alone bodies of unique knowledge.
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B. They are the only sciences to which the scientific method can be applied.
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C. They are the original sciences upon which all others are based.
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D. They are not affected by subjectivity in the way other sciences are.
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Ans: A y i




2. Which is not an example of an applied science as used in health care today?
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A. Social work yi




B. Psychotherapy
C. Examination of care disparities yi yi yi




D. Pathology yi




Ans: D y i




3. Roberta firmly believes that individual experiences are the source of all knowledge in the
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world. As a scientist, she acknowledges her role as a participant in the experiments she perf
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orms and does consider herself merely a disconnected observer of phenomenon.
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Roberta’s views are most closTeE
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l of scientific thought?
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A. Natural Science yi




B. Human Science yi




C. Applied Science yi




D. Soft Science yi yi




Ans: B y i




4. What is the ultimate goal of the scientific method?
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A. Application of scientific results to a related body of knowledge in order to meet som
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etype of human need.
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B. Examination of the decisions made by a scientist to understand the ways in which
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, subjectivity was introduced to the experiment. yi yi yi yi yi




C. Reproducible experimental results that do not take researcher individuality into account.
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D. Improving the situation or process used in the experiment to yield more accurate results
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in repeat experiments.
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Ans: C y i




5. Which of the following best describes the aim of natural sciences?
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A. Affirmation of the importance of cultural understanding by uncovering the commo
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nsubjective biases of different disciplines.
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B. Improvement of the quality of life by understanding what helps people maximize thei
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rfunctional abilities.
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C. Utilization of knowledge by applying it to a specific purpose in order to better a situation
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or change viewpoints.
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D. Development of knowledge for the sake of developing knowledge, discovering truth, and
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controlling outcomes. yi




Ans: D y i




6. Gretchen and Peter are graduate students in the same Physics lab. Their supervisor has
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asked both of them to perform the same experiment using the same procedure and equipm
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ent. After they’ve both completed their task, the compare their results and discoverthat th
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ey are nearly identical. Which of the five criteria for science does Gretchen and
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Peter’s discovery exemplify?
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A. Intersubjective testability yi




B. Reliability
C. Definiteness and precision yi yi




D. Coherence


Ans: A y i




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, 7. Which statement does not describe a general characteristic of philosophy?
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A. Thinking for the sake of thinking.
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B. Utilization of process and outcome. yi yi yi yi




C. Demarcation of wholeness and holism. yi yi yi yi




D. Application of epistemology and ontology. yi yi yi yi




Ans: C y i




8. Repetitive patterns of behavior dictated by past experiences is an example of which sourc
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eof knowledge?
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A. Doctrine
B. Common sense yi




C. Tradition
D. Authority yi




Ans: C y i




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