Health Alterations-Hematology Exam Questions and Correct Answers Latest Update 2025 (Already Passed)

Health Alterations-Hematology Exam Questions and Correct Answers Latest Update 2025 (Already Passed) Disorder Pernicious Anemia is known as - Answers *Vitamin B12 *Megoblastic *Macrocytic *Macro Anemia *Inc. MCV MCV (Mean Corpuscular Volume) - Answers *average number of red blood cells Etiology of Pernicious Anemia - Answers *CAUSED BY VITAMIN B12 DEFICIENCY as a result: -INADEQUATE DIETARY INTAKE -vegetarian diet -BOWEL RESECTION -tapeworm from pets -AUTOIMMUNITY against gastric parietal cells Pathophysiology of Pernicious Anemia - Answers *Absence of INTRINSIC FACTOR (IF), and enzyme required for absorption of dietary vitamin B12. PROBLEMS: -gastric parietal cells fail to secrete IF due to congenital deficiency -secretion of deficiency IF -GASTRECTOMY -atrophy of gastric parietal cells -(autoimmunity has a significant role) Diagnosis of Pernicious Anemia - Answers *blood tests -dec. H/H *bone marrow aspiration *serologic studies *gastric biopsy *clinical manifestations *Schilling test-give B12 back they do better Symptoms of Pernicious Anemia - Answers Slow Onset: *Pallor *Jaundice *GLOSSITIS-SOOTH RED TONGUE-BEEFY *fatigue *weight loss **Paresthesias in feet in & hands** Treatment of Pernicious Anemia - Answers *cyanocolbalamin or hydroxocobalamin 1000 mcgs IM injection monthly *VITAMIN B12 PO-supplement 1000 mcg daily *RDA is 1 mcg/day *eggs, dairy, meat (diet doesn't work alone) Folate Deficiency Anemia known as - Answers *Megoblastic *Macroanemia *Inc. MCV-size of RBC Etiology of Folate Deficiency Anemia - Answers *CAUSED BY inadequate dietary intake & absorption of folate associated with: -POOR NUTRITION -ALCOHOLISM -MALABSORPTION -meds-OTCs, methotrexate, anticonvulsants Pathology of Folate Deficiency Anemia - Answers *LACK OF FOLATE for synthesis for purines & pyrimidines of DNA bases & RNA as well as synthesis of thymidylate, which is a DNA precursor *Hematopoietic cells are destroyed Diagnosis of Folate Deficiency Anemia - Answers *CBC *RBC indicies *Reticulocyte count *Peripheral blood smear *serum folate levels (expect to low) Symptoms of Folate Deficiency Anemia - Answers Slow onset: *Pallor *Jaundice *GLOSSITIS-SMOOTH RED TONGUE-BEEFY *Fatigue *Weight loss *LACK OF paresthesia in feet & hands (this differentiates pernicious vs folic acid deficiency) Treatment of Folate Deficiency Anemia - Answers *DAILY PO FOLATE 1MG *5 mg/day may be indicated with alcoholism *Dietary adjustments: RDA=50 mcg daily -green levy veggies, liver, citrus, fruit, dried beans, nuts Iron Deficiency Anemia Disorder known as - Answers *microcytic anemia Etiology of Iron Deficiency Anemia - Answers CAUSED BY: -BLOOD LOSS -Increased energy demands -GI MALABSORPTION -Inadequate dietary consumption of iron -Heavy menses Pathophysiology of Iron Deficiency Anemia - Answers *DECREASED SUPPLY OF IRON for developing RBCs which results in: -abnormally small RBCs