Radiation Protection and Radiobiology Test Questions with Correct Answers (100% Pass)

Radiation Protection and Radiobiology Test Questions with Correct Answers (100% Pass) What is any chemical reaction in which atoms lose electrons called? a. Oxidation b. Osmosis c. Synthesis d. Metabolism - Answers Oxidation The cell components that contain the centrioles are the a. Centrosomes b. Lysosomes c. Ribosomes d. Golgi apparatus and mitochondria - Answers Centrosomes During which of the following subphases of mitosis do the centrioles migrate to opposite sides of the cell and begin to regulate the formation of the mitotic spindle? a. Telophase b. Prophase c. Anaphase d. Metaphase - Answers Prophase Fraternal twins may also be referred to as a. Dizygotic twins b. Trizygotic twins c. Polyzygotic twins d. Monozygotic twins - Answers Dizygotic twins Antibodies are protein molecules produced by specialized cells in the bone marrow called a. B lymphocytes b. R lymphocytes c. Megakaryocytes d. Oocytes - Answers B lymphocytes This part of the cell transfers food and molecules from one part of the cell to another. a. Mitochondria b. Golgi apparatus c. Ribosomes d. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) - Answers Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) In general, which of the following can human cells do? 1. Move, grow, react, and protect themselves 2. Repair damage and regulate life processes 3. Reproduce a. 2 and 3 only b. 1, 2, and 3 c. 1 and 3 only d. 1 and 2 only - Answers 1, 2, and 3 The steps, or rungs, of the DNA ladder-like structure consist of complementary chemicals that are a. Acitic acids b. Fatty acids c. Pairs of nitrogenous bases d. Sugar-phosphate compounds - Answers Pairs of nitrogenous bases How many different amino acids are involved in protein synthesis in humans? a. 39 b. 15 c. 7 d. 22 - Answers 22 The total amount of genetic material (DNA) contained within the chromosomes of a human being is called a. Human genome b. Human composition c. Human organelles d. Human mitosis - Answers Human genome Which of the following are compounds called purines? 1. Adenine and cytosine 2. Adenine and guanine 3. Adenine and thymine a. 3 only b. 2 only c. 1, 2, and 3 d. 1 only - Answers 2 only Inorganic materials are compounds that a. Do not contain carbon b. Contain moderate amounts of carbon c. Contain only very small amounts of carbon d. Contain large amounts of carbon - Answers Do not contain carbon Which of the following serves as a prototype for messenger RNA (mRNA)? a. Nitric acid (HNO3) b. Potassium (K) and sodium (Na) c. Transfer RNA (tRNA) d. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) - Answers Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) The most radiosensitive blood cells. a. Granulocytes b. Erythrocytes c. Lymphocytes d. Thrombocytes - Answers Lymphocytes True or false: Mapping of chromosomes is called karyotyping and is done during prophase - Answers False Which of the following are major tasks of the cytoplasm? 1. Accepts and builds up unrefined materials and assembles from these materials new substances such as carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. 2. Breaks down organic materials to produce energy. 3. Packages substances for distribution to other areas of the cell or to various sites in the body through the circulation. 4. Eliminates waste products. a. 1, 2, and 3 only b. 1, 2, 3, and 4 c. 1, 3, and 4 only d. 2, 3, and 4 only - Answers 1, 2, 3, and 4 During mitosis, which phase of the cellular life cycle is the actual DNA synthesis period? a. M b. S c. G2 d. G1 - Answers S This cell component produces energy for cellular activity by breaking down nutrients through a process of oxidation. a. Mitochondria b. Lysosomes c. Endoplasmic reticulum d. Nucleus - Answers Mitochondria What do the highly organized enzymes in the inner membranes of the mitochondria break down? 1. Carbohydrates 2. Fats 3. Proteins a. 2 only b. 1, 2, and 3 c. 3 only d. 1 only - Answers 1, 2, and 3 True or false: Genetic cells undergo mitosis while somatic cells undergo meiosis - Answers False According to your textbook water constitutes approximately _________% of the weight of the human body. a. 80-85 b. 90-95 c. 50-55 d. 60-70 - Answers 80-85 What should the constant core temperature of the human body be? a. 37º C b. 57º C c. 28º C d. 43º C - Answers 37º C During which sub phase of cell division can radiation-induced chromosomal damage be evaluated? a. Anaphase b. Prophase c. Telophase d. Metaphase - Answers Metaphase The much smaller structure that make up nucleic acids are called a. Carbohydrates b. Polysaccharides c. Nucleotides d. Fatty acids - Answers Nucleotides True or false: Cytosine bonds only with guanine. - Answers True A kind of white blood cell that plays an important role in fighting infection. a. Lymphocytes b. Neutrophils c. Granulocytes d. Thrombocytes - Answers Neutrophils For both males and females, permanent sterilization occurs at ______ Gyt. a. 5 to 6 b. 2 c. 1 d. 10 - Answers 5 to 6 If the damaged chromosome divides after this effect of ionizing radiation on DNA, each new daughter cell will receive an incorrect amount of genetic material resulting in death or impaired functioning of the new daughter cell. a. Double-strand break in the same rung of DNA b. Single-strand break