MANAGEMENT AND LEADERSHIP QUESTIONS & VERIFIED ANSWERS

Management is.. - ANSWER Getting things done through others The manipulation of people, the environment, money, time, and other resources to reach organizational goals To forecast and plan, to organize and to command, to coordinate, and to control (Fayol) The creation of an internal environment in an enterprise in which individuals work together as a group Leadership - ANSWER Leaders guide people and groups to accomplish common goals. Occurs any time a person attempts to influence the beliefs, opinions, or behaviors of a person or group Combination of intrinsic personality traits, learned leadership skills, and characteristics of the situation differences in leadership and management - ANSWER Leadership is the ability to guide or influence others Management is the coordination of resources to achieve outcomes People are led Activities and things are managed when did management theories begin - ANSWER began in the 19th-20th century westeren expansion, railroads, urban market, electricity frederick taylor is known for what? - ANSWER scientific management what did frederick taylor advocate for - ANSWER Advocated scientific methods to determine best way to do a job Lead to increased efficiency and production Most of his work was at turn of 19th century Taylors 4 principles - ANSWER 1. Scientific approach to work 2. Scientifically select & train workers 3. Cooperate with workers 4. Ensure equal division of work taylors major contributions - ANSWER Improved efficiency Introduced scientific analysis to workplace Piece rate system Cooperation between workers and managers taylors limitations - ANSWER Simplistic motivational assumptions. Workers viewed as parts of a machine. Authoritarian leadership approach. Ignored the relationship between the organization and its environment. bureaucracy was proposed by and has an emphasis on - ANSWER Max Weber - German Sociologist Emphasis: formal structured network of relationships characteristics of bureaucracy - ANSWER Division of labor Hierarchy of authority/chain of command Rules Procedures Promotion & selection based on technical competence bureaucracy advantages - ANSWER continuity bureaucracy disadvantages - ANSWER Red tape (takes longer to do things bc chain of command) Not flexible Discourages initiative henri fayol 5 functions - ANSWER Planning Organizing Commanding Coordinating Controlling what does administrative management focus on - ANSWER focused on the identification of major principles and functions that managers could use to achieve superior levels of organizational performance. fayol 14 prinicples - ANSWER 1. Division of work 2. Authority should equal responsibility. This is frequently violated. If someone is given responsibility, they should have authority to carry it out. 3. Discipline 4. Unity of command: each worker should have only 1 boss 5.Unity of direction 6. Subordination of individual interest to the general interest: Not followed a lot today. People try and promote themselves and look for better jobs if the organization doesn't do them right. 7. scalar chain scalar chain - ANSWER keep communication within the chain of command elton mayo focused on what theory - ANSWER human relations elton mayo human relations theory - ANSWER Tried to explain how psychological & social processes interact with work to influence performance. hawthorne effect - ANSWER People work harder when they are watched (think when your instructor comes on the floor) what did elton mayo do his study on - ANSWER the lighting in a telephone company he thought the brighter is was the greater their performance turns out it was just because someone was watching them work technical research problems elton mayo had - ANSWER he told them the more they worked the more they would get paid douglas mcgregor made what theories about management - ANSWER theory x teory y theory x - ANSWER People dislike their work They want to be controlled theory y - ANSWER People like work when they know what is expected People do not need tight control at work when they are satisfied the management process - ANSWER planning organizing staffing directing controlling planning - ANSWER determining your objectives Encompasses determining philosophy, goals, objectives, policies, procedures, and rules; carrying out long- and short-range projections; determining a fiscal course of action; and managing planned change organizing - ANSWER putting it all together Includes establishing the structure to carry out plans, determining the most appropriate type of patient care delivery, and grouping activities to meet unit goals. Other functions involve working within the structure of the organization and understanding and using power and authority appropriately. staffing - ANSWER Consists of recruiting, interviewing, hiring, and orienting staff. Scheduling, staff development, employee socialization, and team building are also often included as staffing functions. directing - ANSWER Usually entails human resource management responsibilities, such as motivating, managing conflict, delegating, communicating, and facilitating collaboration controlling - ANSWER Includes performance appraisals, fiscal accountability, quality control, legal and ethical control, and professional and collegial control. effective leadership is defined by - ANSWER terms of productivity of group being led