EXSC 224 Exam 2 Questions with 100%
Correct Answers | Latest Update
ANS - ✔✔-visceral motor system, subconscious
-motor neurons innervate smooth & cardiac muscle and glands
-adjust ensure optimal support for body activities
Compare the somatic and autonomic nervous systems relative to effectors,
efferent pathways, and neurotransmitters released. - ✔✔Somatic
-skeletal muscle
-excitatory
-group A fibers
-Ach
ANS
-cardiac & smooth muscle, glands
-two-neuron chain (preganglionic and postganglionic neuron)
-excitatory or inhibitory
-norepinephrine sympathetic and Ach parasympathetic
1
©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
,Lower motor neuron - ✔✔Parasympathetic = 2 neurons, Ach
-myelinated preganglionic fiber: cell body ventral horn, Group B
-unmyelinated postganglionic fiber: travels to target, Group C
Sympathetic= 2 neurons, NE
-preganglionic synapse onto post at ganglion
-preganglionic synapse onto adrenal medulla, secretes epinephrine into
blood stream
1. Name the three types of effectors of the autonomic nervous system. -
✔✔cardiac muscles, smooth muscles, glands
2. Which relays instructions from the CNS to muscles more quickly, the
somatic nervous system or the ANS? Explain why. - ✔✔Somatic nervous
system
Only one motor neuron, heavily myelinated so signals move faster
parasympathetic division (craniosacral) - ✔✔promotes maintenance
functions, conserves energy, rest-and-digest (digest, defecate, urinate)
-fibers originate in brain stem or sacral spinal cord
-preganglionic long, postganglionic short
-ganglia near visceral effector organs
2
©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
, sympathetic division (thoracolumnar) - ✔✔mobilizes body systems during
activity, temporarily reduces nonessential activities, fight-or-flight, (exercise,
excitement, emergency, embarrassment)
-fibers originate in thoracic and lumbar spinal cord
-preganglionic short, postganglionic long
-ganglia close to spinal cord
Sympathetic - ✔✔-direct innervation
-thermoregulation response to heat
-releases Renin from kidneys
-metabolic effects: increases metabolic rate cells and blood glucose,
mobilizes fats for fuel
dual innervation - ✔✔-most visceral organs have both the parasympathetic
and sympathetic divisions
-Dynamic antagonism: opposite effects
For the parasympathetic division, describe the site of CNS origin, locations
of ganglia, and general fiber pathways. - ✔✔-Oculomotor nerves (III):
innervate smooth muscles in the eyes, accessory oculomotor nuclei in
midbrain -> ciliary ganglia in eye
3
©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
Correct Answers | Latest Update
ANS - ✔✔-visceral motor system, subconscious
-motor neurons innervate smooth & cardiac muscle and glands
-adjust ensure optimal support for body activities
Compare the somatic and autonomic nervous systems relative to effectors,
efferent pathways, and neurotransmitters released. - ✔✔Somatic
-skeletal muscle
-excitatory
-group A fibers
-Ach
ANS
-cardiac & smooth muscle, glands
-two-neuron chain (preganglionic and postganglionic neuron)
-excitatory or inhibitory
-norepinephrine sympathetic and Ach parasympathetic
1
©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
,Lower motor neuron - ✔✔Parasympathetic = 2 neurons, Ach
-myelinated preganglionic fiber: cell body ventral horn, Group B
-unmyelinated postganglionic fiber: travels to target, Group C
Sympathetic= 2 neurons, NE
-preganglionic synapse onto post at ganglion
-preganglionic synapse onto adrenal medulla, secretes epinephrine into
blood stream
1. Name the three types of effectors of the autonomic nervous system. -
✔✔cardiac muscles, smooth muscles, glands
2. Which relays instructions from the CNS to muscles more quickly, the
somatic nervous system or the ANS? Explain why. - ✔✔Somatic nervous
system
Only one motor neuron, heavily myelinated so signals move faster
parasympathetic division (craniosacral) - ✔✔promotes maintenance
functions, conserves energy, rest-and-digest (digest, defecate, urinate)
-fibers originate in brain stem or sacral spinal cord
-preganglionic long, postganglionic short
-ganglia near visceral effector organs
2
©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
, sympathetic division (thoracolumnar) - ✔✔mobilizes body systems during
activity, temporarily reduces nonessential activities, fight-or-flight, (exercise,
excitement, emergency, embarrassment)
-fibers originate in thoracic and lumbar spinal cord
-preganglionic short, postganglionic long
-ganglia close to spinal cord
Sympathetic - ✔✔-direct innervation
-thermoregulation response to heat
-releases Renin from kidneys
-metabolic effects: increases metabolic rate cells and blood glucose,
mobilizes fats for fuel
dual innervation - ✔✔-most visceral organs have both the parasympathetic
and sympathetic divisions
-Dynamic antagonism: opposite effects
For the parasympathetic division, describe the site of CNS origin, locations
of ganglia, and general fiber pathways. - ✔✔-Oculomotor nerves (III):
innervate smooth muscles in the eyes, accessory oculomotor nuclei in
midbrain -> ciliary ganglia in eye
3
©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
