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SPHU 1020 Final Exam Study Guide.
One health - Answers✔the idea that the health of people is connected to the health of animals
and our shared environment
3 common factors that affect One Health - Answers✔- human population growing --> close
contact
- environmental changes in climate/land use --> disruption of animal's habitats
- travel and trade increasing --> spreading of diseases
antimicrobial resistance (AMR) - Answers✔ability of microorganism to stop an antimicrobial
(such as antibiotics) from working against it, occurs naturally over time
- standard treatments become ineffective
- medical procedures become very high risk
zoonotic diseases (aka zoonoses) - Answers✔caused by infections that spread between animals
and people (ex. influenza, covid, ebola, Chagas, salmonella, etc)
endemic vs. pandemic vs. epidemic - Answers✔endemic: prevalence of disease in population is
constant at a certain rate
pandemic: epidemic over multiple countries or continents
epidemic: increase in the number of cases above what is normally expected in a population
morbidity - Answers✔state of being symptomatic or unhealthy for a disease or condition
(sickness rate)
Rabies type of biological virus, transmission causes, symptoms, prevention methods -
Answers✔- Rhabdoviridae, single stranded RNA virus
- transmission thru direct contact like skin/mucous membranes in eyes, nose, mouth (mostly
from animals)
- symptoms: flu-like, progression to neurologic symptoms and death
1
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- extremely fatal, but easily preventable: vaccination, prompt wound care, etc.
what animals are most likely to give you rabies - Answers✔bats, raccoons, skunks, foxes,
mongooses
true or false: domestic dogs and other mammal pets can get rabies from wild animals, or transmit
to wild animals - Answers✔true
Leptospirosis bacteria name, transmission/outbreak causes, symptoms, prevention methods -
Answers✔- Leptospira
- transmission: direct contact with infected animal urine or contaminated water and soil (rodents)
- exposure with contaminated water can cause (hurricane or flood)
- symptoms: liver or kidney failure, wide range of symptoms
- prevention: antibiotics, vaccines, minimize exposure
bioterrorism - Answers✔intentional release of viruses, bacteria, or other germs that can sicken or
kill people, livestock, or crops
Anthrax bacteria type, how animals can get it, and how humans can get it - Answers✔Bacillus
anthracis, gram positive rod shaped
- bacteria produces spores, which exist naturally in environment and in plants, so herbivorous
animals are at a risk
- humans making contact with animals/animal products, through skin or mucous, inhalation,
ingestion, injection
why is the range of mortality rate for Anthrax so large - Answers✔depends on route of entry -
certain routes have much higher mortalities than others
Foot and mouth disease virus type, who it affects, symptoms, economic burden - Answers✔-
NOT transmissible to humans, not a PH risk
- affects cloven-hoofed animals (cattle, swine, sheep, goats, etc), domestic and wild
- symptoms: blisters on feet, tongue, and mouth, loss of appetite, depression, growth reduction,
milk reduction
- very high morbidity (nearly 100%)
- trade restrictions and loss of product from sick animals causes economic losses
Foot and mouth disease 2001 UK outbreak - Answers✔- resulted in slaughter of 7 million
animals
- 10-20 billion dollars financial impact
- psychological impacts on farmers, vets, etc.
2
SPHU 1020 Final Exam Study Guide.
One health - Answers✔the idea that the health of people is connected to the health of animals
and our shared environment
3 common factors that affect One Health - Answers✔- human population growing --> close
contact
- environmental changes in climate/land use --> disruption of animal's habitats
- travel and trade increasing --> spreading of diseases
antimicrobial resistance (AMR) - Answers✔ability of microorganism to stop an antimicrobial
(such as antibiotics) from working against it, occurs naturally over time
- standard treatments become ineffective
- medical procedures become very high risk
zoonotic diseases (aka zoonoses) - Answers✔caused by infections that spread between animals
and people (ex. influenza, covid, ebola, Chagas, salmonella, etc)
endemic vs. pandemic vs. epidemic - Answers✔endemic: prevalence of disease in population is
constant at a certain rate
pandemic: epidemic over multiple countries or continents
epidemic: increase in the number of cases above what is normally expected in a population
morbidity - Answers✔state of being symptomatic or unhealthy for a disease or condition
(sickness rate)
Rabies type of biological virus, transmission causes, symptoms, prevention methods -
Answers✔- Rhabdoviridae, single stranded RNA virus
- transmission thru direct contact like skin/mucous membranes in eyes, nose, mouth (mostly
from animals)
- symptoms: flu-like, progression to neurologic symptoms and death
1
, ©FYNDLAY.
- extremely fatal, but easily preventable: vaccination, prompt wound care, etc.
what animals are most likely to give you rabies - Answers✔bats, raccoons, skunks, foxes,
mongooses
true or false: domestic dogs and other mammal pets can get rabies from wild animals, or transmit
to wild animals - Answers✔true
Leptospirosis bacteria name, transmission/outbreak causes, symptoms, prevention methods -
Answers✔- Leptospira
- transmission: direct contact with infected animal urine or contaminated water and soil (rodents)
- exposure with contaminated water can cause (hurricane or flood)
- symptoms: liver or kidney failure, wide range of symptoms
- prevention: antibiotics, vaccines, minimize exposure
bioterrorism - Answers✔intentional release of viruses, bacteria, or other germs that can sicken or
kill people, livestock, or crops
Anthrax bacteria type, how animals can get it, and how humans can get it - Answers✔Bacillus
anthracis, gram positive rod shaped
- bacteria produces spores, which exist naturally in environment and in plants, so herbivorous
animals are at a risk
- humans making contact with animals/animal products, through skin or mucous, inhalation,
ingestion, injection
why is the range of mortality rate for Anthrax so large - Answers✔depends on route of entry -
certain routes have much higher mortalities than others
Foot and mouth disease virus type, who it affects, symptoms, economic burden - Answers✔-
NOT transmissible to humans, not a PH risk
- affects cloven-hoofed animals (cattle, swine, sheep, goats, etc), domestic and wild
- symptoms: blisters on feet, tongue, and mouth, loss of appetite, depression, growth reduction,
milk reduction
- very high morbidity (nearly 100%)
- trade restrictions and loss of product from sick animals causes economic losses
Foot and mouth disease 2001 UK outbreak - Answers✔- resulted in slaughter of 7 million
animals
- 10-20 billion dollars financial impact
- psychological impacts on farmers, vets, etc.
2
