Study Exam with Questions and Verified Answers
1. Frame the Problem, Solving the Problem and Communicating Results are
part of which decision making model?: Davenport-Kim three-stage model
2. In which stage of the Davenport-Kim model is problem recognition?: Fram-ing
the problem
3. In which stage of the Davenport-Kim model is data collection?: Solving the
problem
4. What is a key reason we study statistics?: To make informed decisions
5. Visually presenting the data assists in which stage of the Davenport-Kim
model?: Communicating the results
6. When does research fail to produce reliable results?: Poor research validity
7. What are the two major issues surrounding research standards?: Best prac-
tices and ethics
8. In order to be a statistically valid sample, the sample must be:: The appro-
priate size and random
9. Not selecting a random sample is what type of bias?: Measurement
,10. Not selecting a right sized sample is what type of bias?: Measurement
11. Research best practices eliminate...: Bias
12. Outliers create this type of error: Out-of Range
13. Unpredictable error: Random Error - No correlation
14. Error may occur from missing data. (Example: Space not filled in): OmissionError
- Distorted results
15. This error repeats itself: Systematic Error - Skewed results
16. Observation points that are distant from other observations.: Outliers Note:
Can be included or excluded in analysis (causes skewness)
17. Types of Bias: Bias that occurs from not selecting a random sample: Mea-
surement bias
18. Types of Bias: Bias introduced because respondents believe it will be
beneficial if selected.: Conscious bias (key word: benefit)
19. Consistent and repeatable data: Reliable
20. Resulting from accurate measurements: Valid data
21. If a responder lies on their survey, this creates what type of bias?: Informa-tion
22. Sorting your spreadsheet can expose these errors by moving them to thevery
top or the very bottom of the column: Omission or Out-of-Range
, 23. An error that will fix itself over time: Random
24. An error that will not fix itself. You must do something: Systematic
25. Cleaning and organizing data: Data Management
26. Are the following variable quantitative or qualitative? Personality type,
social class, or communication style: Qualitative