drugs by disorder

Focus on the pharmacological principles related to disorders. Emphasize therapeutic uses, common side effects, and nursing considerations. Include prioritization questions, adverse effect monitoring, and patient education. Question 1 A patient is prescribed lisinopril for hypertension. What adverse effect should the nurse prioritize monitoring? A. Bradycardia B. Persistent dry cough C. Constipation D. Visual disturbances Answer: B. Persistent dry cough Rationale: A persistent dry cough is a common side effect of ACE inhibitors like lisinopril. If this occurs, the provider may switch the patient to a different antihypertensive medication. ________________________________________ Question 2 Which medication is most commonly prescribed for acute asthma exacerbations? A. Montelukast B. Albuterol C. Fluticasone D. Ipratropium Answer: B. Albuterol Rationale: Albuterol is a short-acting beta-agonist (SABA) used for immediate relief during asthma exacerbations. ________________________________________ Question 3 A patient taking warfarin for atrial fibrillation has an INR of 5.2. Which action should the nurse anticipate? A. Administer vitamin K B. Increase the warfarin dose C. Monitor the INR for another day D. Stop the medication permanently Answer: A. Administer vitamin K Rationale: An INR of 5.2 is above the therapeutic range, increasing the risk of bleeding. Vitamin K can reverse warfarin's effects. ________________________________________ Question 4 Which teaching point is essential for a patient taking levothyroxine for hypothyroidism? A. Take the medication with meals. B. Expect immediate symptom relief. C. Avoid calcium supplements within 4 hours of the dose. D. Stop the medication if feeling anxious. Answer: C. Avoid calcium supplements within 4 hours of the dose. Rationale: Calcium can interfere with the absorption of levothyroxine. ________________________________________ Question 5 The nurse is reviewing medications for a patient with peptic ulcer disease. Which medication is expected? A. Metformin B. Omeprazole C. Lisinopril D. Atorvastatin Answer: B. Omeprazole Rationale: Omeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor that reduces gastric acid secretion, promoting ulcer healing. ________________________________________ Question 6 A patient taking metformin for type 2 diabetes reports muscle pain and weakness. Which adverse effect should the nurse suspect? A. Lactic acidosis B. Hypoglycemia C. Hypokalemia D. Hepatic dysfunction Answer: A. Lactic acidosis Rationale: Muscle pain and weakness can indicate lactic acidosis, a rare but serious side effect of metformin. ________________________________________ Question 7 What is the primary action of beta-blockers like metoprolol? A. Vasodilation of peripheral arteries B. Reduction of heart rate and myocardial oxygen demand C. Increase in cardiac output D. Stimulation of bronchodilation Answer: B. Reduction of heart rate and myocardial oxygen demand Rationale: Beta-blockers slow the heart rate, reducing the workload on the heart and oxygen demand. ________________________________________ Question 8 The nurse is administering digoxin. Which laboratory value requires immediate action? A. Potassium 3.2 mEq/L B. Calcium 9.5 mg/dL C. Sodium 140 mEq/L D. Magnesium 1.9 mg/dL Answer: A. Potassium 3.2 mEq/L Rationale: Low potassium increases the risk of digoxin toxicity. ________________________________________ Question 9 A patient with Parkinson's disease is prescribed carbidopa-levodopa. What is an expected therapeutic outcome? A. Improved cognitive function B. Decreased tremors and rigidity C. Lower blood pressure D. Resolution of bradykinesia Answer: B. Decreased tremors and rigidity Rationale: Carbidopa-levodopa is effective in reducing motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease