Fresenius New Hire Exam Questions and Answers 100% Pass

Fresenius New Hire Exam Questions and Answers 100% Pass The urinary system is made up of? - 2 kidneys, 2 ureters, a bladder, and a urethra What is a nephron? - Functional units of the kidney What is the nephron composed of? - Glomerulus, Bowman's capsule, and tubules What are the 7 functions of a kidney? - Acid/Base balance Water balance Electrolyte balance Toxin removal Blood pressure regulation Erythropoietin production Vitamin D metabolism What are the functions of a healthy kidney? - Remove waste Regulates fluid balance, blood volume, electrolytes and acid base balance, synthesize calcitriol Secrete erythropoietin - stimulates bone marrow to make RBCs Release renin - increases bp What is GFR in the 5 stages of kidney disease? - Stage 1 - Normal function 90+ 2 | P a g e Created by Katelyn Whitman © 2025, All Rights Reserved. 100% PASS GUARANTEE Stage 2 - Mild reduced 60-89 Stage 3 - Moderately reduced 30-59 Stage 4 - Severely reduced 15-29 Stage 5 - Chronic kidney disease <15 What are the types and stages of kidney failure? - Acute - sudden, severe, and usually reversible Chronic - slow onset, progressive, permanent What are classic signs of renal failure or uremia? - Fluid overload SOB Hypertension Proteinuria What are 3 modalities of treatment for End-Stage Renal disease? - Hemodialysis Peritoneal dialysis Transplantation What is the difference between hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis? - Hemodialysis - usually outpatient setting, can be done at home Peritoneal dialysis - done in the patients home When is it known that a patient has developed sensitivity to a dialyzer? - Patients develop mild to severe reactions in some cases, usually seen the first half hour of treatment. Sneezing, itching, pain at the access site, chest pain, rashing, hives, fever. What are the body fluid compartments? - Intracellular - inside the cells 3 | P a g e Created by Katelyn Whitman © 2025, All Rights Reserved. 100% PASS GUARANTEE Extracellular - outside the cells Intravascular - inside the blood vessels Interstitial - between the cells Diffusion - higher to lower concentration Osmosis - lower to higher concentration Ultrafiltration - Uses both negative and positive pressure to remove excess fluid Why is water used for dialysis treatment? - Water contains contaminants, electrolytes, and impurities. Patients are exposed to large volumes of water during dialysis treatment, removed to protect patient What is chloramine and how is it different from chlorine? - Chloramine - bleach and ammonia Chlorine - bleach What is the diasafe filter? - Found on back of hemodialysis machine that allows for the delivery of ultrapure dialysate. What factors impact the rate of diffusion? - Temperature Molecular weight of solutes Nature of the solution Membrane permeability Surface area Flow geometry convection Concentration gradient What happens to diffusion when dialyzer fibers clot? - Diffusion in decreased 4 | P a g e Created by Katelyn Whitman © 2025, All Rights Reserved. 100% PASS GUARANTEE At what point during the hemodialysis treatment will diffusion cease to occur? - Until the concentration of each electrolyte found in the patient's blood is equal to the electrolyte concentration in the dialysate. What is the largest factor that impacts ultrafiltration? - Pressure What happens when the dialysate flow is turned off during the treatment? - Blood is not cleaned and adequacy will decrease. What are the compartments of the dialyzer and what separates them? - Blood compartment separated by a semi-permeable membrane. What is a semi-permeable membrane? - Membrane made from protein, with small pores and holes. RBCs and proteins are too large to pass. Urea, sodium, potassium, and water can pass. What is a countercurrent flow? - Blood and dialysate that flow in opposite directions. What are three types of solutions? - Hypotonic - containing less parti