NSH PATHWAYS 111 EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS . 2025
QUESTION: How long after being deprived of oxygen do cells start to die? - ANSWER-After 3-5 minutes
QUESTION: What is shock? - ANSWER-Life-threatening condition that occurs when the cardiovascular
system fails for some reason, and is unable to circulate adequate amounts of oxygen around the body.
QUESTION: List the features of shock - ANSWER-Skin is cold & clammy
Very weak
Unable to stand up
Pale skin (even blue or grey)
QUESTION: What does AED stand for? - ANSWER-automated external defibrillator
QUESTION: The resuscitation council guidelines indicate that for each minute CPR is delayed there is a ?
reduction in survival rates? - ANSWER-10%
QUESTION: What is agonal breathing? - ANSWER-Barely breathing or taking infrequent, noisy gasps.
These usually occur about every 10-15 seconds
,QUESTION: How common is agonal breathing? - ANSWER-40% of patients.
QUESTION: What should happen if there is doubt about whether a collapsed person is displaying agonal
breathing? - ANSWER-It should be assumed that they are not breathing
QUESTION: What is haemophilia? - ANSWER-Hemophilia is usually an inherited bleeding disorder in
which the blood does not clot properly.
QUESTION: What piece of information is collected in module 0 that influences the pathways you can
choose at the body map? - ANSWER-Whether the problem is trauma (injury) or non-trauma (illness)
QUESTION: What is the definition of chronic illness? - ANSWER-A condition that persists over a long
period of time. Symptoms appear gradually and get worse despite treatment and change very slowly
QUESTION: What are the 5 age groups within the system and what age range does each of these cover?
- ANSWER-Neonate - 0-1hour
Infant - 1 hour - 12 months
Toddler - 1 - 5 years
Child - 5 - 16 years
Adult - 16years and over
, QUESTION: What do you use when someone's symptoms are very vague and there is no specific
pathway available? - ANSWER-Use "other symptoms" pathway
QUESTION: What is a MedicAlert? - ANSWER-Medical alert bracelet/pendant which identifies their
condition and helps healthcare professionals treat them appropriately
QUESTION: Define what is meant by Blunt injury? - ANSWER-The skin or other body surface has not
been broken but damage has still occurred
QUESTION: What does an anticoagulant do? - ANSWER-Makes the blood less prone to clotting and
causes blood to take longer to stop.
QUESTION: What is a rigor and why does it occur? - ANSWER-Violent shivering that occurs with a fever.
Because the body's muscles are shivering very hard in an attempt to raise body temperature to the new
level set by the thermostat.
QUESTION: In litres, what is blood volume in a typical adult? - ANSWER-4-5 Litres
QUESTION: List 3 injuries that are always treated as serious? - ANSWER-A fall from a height
Major burns
Being struck by lightening
ANSWERS . 2025
QUESTION: How long after being deprived of oxygen do cells start to die? - ANSWER-After 3-5 minutes
QUESTION: What is shock? - ANSWER-Life-threatening condition that occurs when the cardiovascular
system fails for some reason, and is unable to circulate adequate amounts of oxygen around the body.
QUESTION: List the features of shock - ANSWER-Skin is cold & clammy
Very weak
Unable to stand up
Pale skin (even blue or grey)
QUESTION: What does AED stand for? - ANSWER-automated external defibrillator
QUESTION: The resuscitation council guidelines indicate that for each minute CPR is delayed there is a ?
reduction in survival rates? - ANSWER-10%
QUESTION: What is agonal breathing? - ANSWER-Barely breathing or taking infrequent, noisy gasps.
These usually occur about every 10-15 seconds
,QUESTION: How common is agonal breathing? - ANSWER-40% of patients.
QUESTION: What should happen if there is doubt about whether a collapsed person is displaying agonal
breathing? - ANSWER-It should be assumed that they are not breathing
QUESTION: What is haemophilia? - ANSWER-Hemophilia is usually an inherited bleeding disorder in
which the blood does not clot properly.
QUESTION: What piece of information is collected in module 0 that influences the pathways you can
choose at the body map? - ANSWER-Whether the problem is trauma (injury) or non-trauma (illness)
QUESTION: What is the definition of chronic illness? - ANSWER-A condition that persists over a long
period of time. Symptoms appear gradually and get worse despite treatment and change very slowly
QUESTION: What are the 5 age groups within the system and what age range does each of these cover?
- ANSWER-Neonate - 0-1hour
Infant - 1 hour - 12 months
Toddler - 1 - 5 years
Child - 5 - 16 years
Adult - 16years and over
, QUESTION: What do you use when someone's symptoms are very vague and there is no specific
pathway available? - ANSWER-Use "other symptoms" pathway
QUESTION: What is a MedicAlert? - ANSWER-Medical alert bracelet/pendant which identifies their
condition and helps healthcare professionals treat them appropriately
QUESTION: Define what is meant by Blunt injury? - ANSWER-The skin or other body surface has not
been broken but damage has still occurred
QUESTION: What does an anticoagulant do? - ANSWER-Makes the blood less prone to clotting and
causes blood to take longer to stop.
QUESTION: What is a rigor and why does it occur? - ANSWER-Violent shivering that occurs with a fever.
Because the body's muscles are shivering very hard in an attempt to raise body temperature to the new
level set by the thermostat.
QUESTION: In litres, what is blood volume in a typical adult? - ANSWER-4-5 Litres
QUESTION: List 3 injuries that are always treated as serious? - ANSWER-A fall from a height
Major burns
Being struck by lightening
