Straighterline Microbiology
Final Exam(Grade A+)
2024/2025 Questions With
100% Correct Answers
reducing media - ANSWER a culture medium containing ingredients that will remove dissolved
oxygen from the medium to allow the growth of anaerobes
transport media - ANSWER used to maintain and preserve specimens that have to be held for a
period of time before clinical analysis
assay media - ANSWER used to test the effectiveness of antimicrobial drugs
enumeration media - ANSWER used by industrial and environmental microbiologists to count
the numbers of organisms in milk, water, food, soil, and other samples
motility - ANSWER semisolid media shows what?
isolating/culturing bacteria - ANSWER solid media is best for?
synthetic; defined - ANSWER What are the terms for a media whose exact chemical
compositions are known?
, differential media - ANSWER allows growth of several types of microbes and displays visible
differences among those microbes
selective media - ANSWER suppress unwanted microbes and encourage desired microbes
inoculation, incubation, isolation, inspection, identification - ANSWER What are the five I's of
microbiology?
innoculating loop - ANSWER used to transfer bacteria from one place to another
pure culture - ANSWER a culture containing a single kind of microorganism
mixed culture - ANSWER microbial culture consisting of two or more species
dark field - ANSWER What microscope has an image that is brightly illuminated specimens
surrounded by a black field.
phase-contrast - ANSWER which microscope is used for observing intracellular structures such
as bacterial spores, granules, and organelles, as well as the locomotor structures of eukaryotic
cells such as cilia. (in black-and-white)
differential interference - ANSWER which microscope provides a detailed view of unstained,
live specimens by manipulating the light. It has additional refinements, including two prisms that
add contrasting colors to the image and two beams of light rather than a single one.
conofocal - ANSWER which microscope uses a laser beam of light to scan various depths in the
specimen and deliver a sharp image focusing on just a single plane. It is thus able to capture a
highly focused view at any level, ranging from the surface to the middle of the cell.
TEM - ANSWER which microscope would be the instruments of choice for viewing the
detailed structure of cells and their organelles and viruses. This microscope produces its image
by transmitting electrons through the specimen.
SEM - ANSWER which microscope bombards the surface of a whole metal-coated specimen
with electrons while scanning back and forth over it. A shower of electrons deflected from the
surface is picked up with great fidelity by a sophisticated detector, and the electron pattern is
displayed as an image on a television screen.
, gram-positive - ANSWER Describing the group of bacteria that have a cell wall that is
structurally less complex and contains more peptidoglycan than the cell wall of gram-negative
bacteria. Stains purple
gram-negative - ANSWER Describing the group of bacteria that have a cell wall that is
structurally more complex and contains less peptidoglycan than the cell wall of gram-positive
bacteria. Stains pink
coccus, bacillus, spirillum - ANSWER 3 shapes of bacteria
spirilla; bacilli; cocci - ANSWER One can generalize that all _______, about half of the
___________, and a small number of ________ have flagella
gram-negative - ANSWER pilli are only found on _____________ cells
teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid - ANSWER function in cell wall maintenance and
enlargement during cell division; move cations across the cell envelope; stimulate a specific
immune response. gram positive cells walls
lipopolysaccharide; receptors; endotoxin; negative - ANSWER The uppermost layer of the OM
"sandwich" contains ____________ (LPS). The polysaccharide chains extending off the surface
function as cell markers and ____________. The lipid portion of LPS has been referred to as
___________ because it stimulates fever and medical shock reactions in gram-____________
infections such as meningitis and typhoid fever.
lockjaw; colitis; gas gangrene; botulism - ANSWER What are 4 bacterial endospore diseases?
psychophilies - ANSWER cold loving archaea
Thermophiles - ANSWER heat loving archaea
phagosome - ANSWER vacuole merged with a lysosome
mitochondria - ANSWER where is the most atp generated?
cellular movements - ANSWER what is actin filament responsible for?
maintaining cell structure when cell walls arent present (mitosis) - ANSWER what are
microtubules responsible for?
, structural reinforcement of the cell - ANSWER What are intermediate filaments responsible for?
+ - - - - - - + 3; + 100; - - - - - - - - .2 - ANSWER Fill in the blanks for bacterial first. then
eukaryotic. then viruses.
hyphae - ANSWER long, threadlike cells found in the bodies of filamentous fungi
mycelium - ANSWER woven, intertwining mass of hyphae that makes up the body or colony of
a mold is called a __________
hyphae - ANSWER what are responsible for the fungal reproductive spores
mycoses - ANSWER fungal infections
unicellular cysts; chitin/cellulose heterotrophic; chloroplasts; multicellular unicellular none
heterotrophic ova - ANSWER Move from left to right (one column at a time) and fill in the
blanks.
D. actin-like cytoskeleton - ANSWER Which of the following is not found in all bacterial cells?
a. cytoplasmic membrane
b. a nucleoid
c. ribosomes
d. actin-like cytoskeleton
c. gram-negative, genetic exchange - ANSWER Pili are tubular shafts in ______ bacteria that
serve as a means of ______.
a. gram-positive, genetic exchange
b. gram-positive, attachment
c. gram-negative, genetic exchange
d. gram-negative, protection
a. a capsule. - ANSWER An example of a glycocalyx is
a. a capsule.
b. a pilus.
c. an outer membrane.
d. a cell wall.
c. support - ANSWER Which of the following is a primary bacterial cell wall function?
a. transport
b. motility
Final Exam(Grade A+)
2024/2025 Questions With
100% Correct Answers
reducing media - ANSWER a culture medium containing ingredients that will remove dissolved
oxygen from the medium to allow the growth of anaerobes
transport media - ANSWER used to maintain and preserve specimens that have to be held for a
period of time before clinical analysis
assay media - ANSWER used to test the effectiveness of antimicrobial drugs
enumeration media - ANSWER used by industrial and environmental microbiologists to count
the numbers of organisms in milk, water, food, soil, and other samples
motility - ANSWER semisolid media shows what?
isolating/culturing bacteria - ANSWER solid media is best for?
synthetic; defined - ANSWER What are the terms for a media whose exact chemical
compositions are known?
, differential media - ANSWER allows growth of several types of microbes and displays visible
differences among those microbes
selective media - ANSWER suppress unwanted microbes and encourage desired microbes
inoculation, incubation, isolation, inspection, identification - ANSWER What are the five I's of
microbiology?
innoculating loop - ANSWER used to transfer bacteria from one place to another
pure culture - ANSWER a culture containing a single kind of microorganism
mixed culture - ANSWER microbial culture consisting of two or more species
dark field - ANSWER What microscope has an image that is brightly illuminated specimens
surrounded by a black field.
phase-contrast - ANSWER which microscope is used for observing intracellular structures such
as bacterial spores, granules, and organelles, as well as the locomotor structures of eukaryotic
cells such as cilia. (in black-and-white)
differential interference - ANSWER which microscope provides a detailed view of unstained,
live specimens by manipulating the light. It has additional refinements, including two prisms that
add contrasting colors to the image and two beams of light rather than a single one.
conofocal - ANSWER which microscope uses a laser beam of light to scan various depths in the
specimen and deliver a sharp image focusing on just a single plane. It is thus able to capture a
highly focused view at any level, ranging from the surface to the middle of the cell.
TEM - ANSWER which microscope would be the instruments of choice for viewing the
detailed structure of cells and their organelles and viruses. This microscope produces its image
by transmitting electrons through the specimen.
SEM - ANSWER which microscope bombards the surface of a whole metal-coated specimen
with electrons while scanning back and forth over it. A shower of electrons deflected from the
surface is picked up with great fidelity by a sophisticated detector, and the electron pattern is
displayed as an image on a television screen.
, gram-positive - ANSWER Describing the group of bacteria that have a cell wall that is
structurally less complex and contains more peptidoglycan than the cell wall of gram-negative
bacteria. Stains purple
gram-negative - ANSWER Describing the group of bacteria that have a cell wall that is
structurally more complex and contains less peptidoglycan than the cell wall of gram-positive
bacteria. Stains pink
coccus, bacillus, spirillum - ANSWER 3 shapes of bacteria
spirilla; bacilli; cocci - ANSWER One can generalize that all _______, about half of the
___________, and a small number of ________ have flagella
gram-negative - ANSWER pilli are only found on _____________ cells
teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid - ANSWER function in cell wall maintenance and
enlargement during cell division; move cations across the cell envelope; stimulate a specific
immune response. gram positive cells walls
lipopolysaccharide; receptors; endotoxin; negative - ANSWER The uppermost layer of the OM
"sandwich" contains ____________ (LPS). The polysaccharide chains extending off the surface
function as cell markers and ____________. The lipid portion of LPS has been referred to as
___________ because it stimulates fever and medical shock reactions in gram-____________
infections such as meningitis and typhoid fever.
lockjaw; colitis; gas gangrene; botulism - ANSWER What are 4 bacterial endospore diseases?
psychophilies - ANSWER cold loving archaea
Thermophiles - ANSWER heat loving archaea
phagosome - ANSWER vacuole merged with a lysosome
mitochondria - ANSWER where is the most atp generated?
cellular movements - ANSWER what is actin filament responsible for?
maintaining cell structure when cell walls arent present (mitosis) - ANSWER what are
microtubules responsible for?
, structural reinforcement of the cell - ANSWER What are intermediate filaments responsible for?
+ - - - - - - + 3; + 100; - - - - - - - - .2 - ANSWER Fill in the blanks for bacterial first. then
eukaryotic. then viruses.
hyphae - ANSWER long, threadlike cells found in the bodies of filamentous fungi
mycelium - ANSWER woven, intertwining mass of hyphae that makes up the body or colony of
a mold is called a __________
hyphae - ANSWER what are responsible for the fungal reproductive spores
mycoses - ANSWER fungal infections
unicellular cysts; chitin/cellulose heterotrophic; chloroplasts; multicellular unicellular none
heterotrophic ova - ANSWER Move from left to right (one column at a time) and fill in the
blanks.
D. actin-like cytoskeleton - ANSWER Which of the following is not found in all bacterial cells?
a. cytoplasmic membrane
b. a nucleoid
c. ribosomes
d. actin-like cytoskeleton
c. gram-negative, genetic exchange - ANSWER Pili are tubular shafts in ______ bacteria that
serve as a means of ______.
a. gram-positive, genetic exchange
b. gram-positive, attachment
c. gram-negative, genetic exchange
d. gram-negative, protection
a. a capsule. - ANSWER An example of a glycocalyx is
a. a capsule.
b. a pilus.
c. an outer membrane.
d. a cell wall.
c. support - ANSWER Which of the following is a primary bacterial cell wall function?
a. transport
b. motility
