,
,
,
,POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Think Critically
REFERENCES: The Psychological Study of Law
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
DATE CREATED: 37 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 38 AM
10. The United States is perhaps the most individualistic society where people can deviate from the norm or make their
own choices to a greater degree. What are two deeply desired values?
a. Individualism and free will
b. Freedom and personal autonomy
c. Freedom with personal responsibility
d. Personal responsibility and personal autonomy
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Understand
REFERENCES: Basic Choices in the Psychological Study of the Law
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
TOPICS: The First Choice: Rights of Individuals versus the Common Good
DATE CREATED: 38 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 52 AM
11. In 2017, a law known as the ―show me your papers law,‖ which prohibits local authorities from limiting the ability of
law enforcement or court personnel to demand proof of a person‘s immigration status and report it to federal officials, was
passed in which state?
a. Baltimore
b. Florida
c. Texas
d. New York
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Apply
REFERENCES: Basic Choices in the Psychological Study of the Law
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
TOPICS: The First Choice: Rights of Individuals versus the Common Good
DATE CREATED: 52 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 54 AM
12. Most of the U.S. Supreme Court decisions, like the Miranda rule, that provided more explicit rights for those
suspected of breaking the law, occurred during which decade?
a. 1950s
b. 1960s
c. 1970s
Page 4
, d. 1980s
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Understand
REFERENCES: Basic Choices in the Psychological Study of the Law
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
TOPICS: The First Choice: Rights of Individuals versus the Common Good
DATE CREATED: 54 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 56 AM
13. In more recent cases, the Supreme Court has ruled in favor of law enforcement as opposed to individuals suspected of
breaking the law. In Florence v. Board of Chosen Freeholders, the Court ruled which of the following?
a. Police can stop a motorist whom they believe has violated traffic laws even if their ulterior motive is to
investigate the possibility of drug dealing.
b. Jail officials can strip search petty offenders even when there is no suspicion of carrying a weapon or
contraband.
c. Police can conduct ―no-knock‖ raids on individual homes.
d. Police can use deception in order to extract a confession from a suspect.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Think Critically
REFERENCES: Basic Choices in the Psychological Study of the Law
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
TOPICS: The First Choice: Rights of Individuals versus the Common Good
DATE CREATED: 56 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 57 AM
14. The due process model would subscribe to which of the following statements?
a. It is better for one innocent person to be convicted than for many guilty persons to go free.
b. It is better for many guilty persons to go free than to convict one innocent person.
c. Miranda rights are detrimental to convicting guilty persons.
d. The ―three-strikes‖ law is in place to protect society from dangerous criminals.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Understand
REFERENCES: Basic Choices in the Psychological Study of the Law
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
TOPICS: The First Choice: Rights of Individuals versus the Common Good
DATE CREATED: 59 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 5/27 6:01 AM
15. Which of the following is a basic characteristic of the crime control model of the criminal justice system?
a. The system should present obstacles to the conviction of defendants to protect the innocent.
Page 5
, b. The suspect is assumed to be innocent until proven guilty in a court of law.
c. Emphasis in the courts should be for efficient detection and prosecution of criminals.
d. Greater control needs to be exerted over the police in their investigation of suspects to protect individual
rights.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Understand
REFERENCES: Basic Choices in the Psychological Study of the Law
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
TOPICS: The First Choice: Rights of Individuals versus the Common Good
DATE CREATED: 5/27 6:01 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 5/27 6:02 AM
16. Due to the recession between 2007 and 2009, the federal and state budgets tightened, forcing reevaluation of ―tough
on crime policies‖ leading to alternative programs to reduce repeat offence. These alternatives have included which of the
following?
a. Diversionary, community-based treatment programs
b. Educational and reentry programs for inmates
c. Substance abuse and mental health treatment programs for inmates
d. All of these are correct.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Think Critically
REFERENCES: Basic Choices in the Psychological Study of the Law
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
TOPICS: The First Choice: Rights of Individuals versus the Common Good
DATE CREATED: 5/27 6:02 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 6/7 5:39 AM
17. The First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution protects freedom of speech including which of the following?
a. Calls to violence
b. Perjury
c. Racially offensive speech
d. Crimes against others
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Understand
REFERENCES: Basic Choices in the Psychological Study of the Law
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
TOPICS: The First Choice: Rights of Individuals versus the Common Good
DATE CREATED: 5/27 6:03 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 5/27 6:05 AM
Page 6
,18. Which of the following is true about the United States and its prisoners?
a. The United States has a similar amount of incarceration of its citizens when compared with other developed
nations.
b. The United States incarcerates a higher percentage of its citizens than any other developed nation.
c. The United States incarcerates a lower percentage of its citizens than any other developed nation.
d. The United States incarcerates a proportional amount of criminals when compared to its crime rate.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Understand
REFERENCES: Basic Choices in the Psychological Study of the Law
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
TOPICS: The First Choice: Rights of Individuals versus the Common Good
DATE CREATED: 5/27 6:05 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 5/27 6:08 AM
19. The principle of equality is often at odds with which value when implementing laws and punishing offenders?
a. Proportionality
b. Discretion
c. Equity
d. Liberty
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Understand
REFERENCES: Basic Choices in the Psychological Study of the Law
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
TOPICS: The Second Choice: Equality versus Discretion
DATE CREATED: 5/27 6:08 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 5/27 6:09 AM
20. Fill in the blanks in the following sentence: One might argue that the stop and frisk procedures used in New York City
violate the principle of equality and rely on profiling, as 52% of stops between 2004 and 2012 were of
.
a. Biracial Individuals
b. Hispanics
c. Caucasians
d. African Americans
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Understand
REFERENCES: Basic Choices in the Psychological Study of the Law
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
TOPICS: The Second Choice: Equality versus Discretion
DATE CREATED: 5/27 6:09 AM
Page 7
,DATE MODIFIED: 5/27 6:11 AM
21. Which of the following practices most clearly violates the principle of equality?
a. Racial profiling
b. Proportionate sentencing
c. Harsh sentencing
d. Proportionate profiling
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Apply
REFERENCES: Basic Choices in the Psychological Study of the Law
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
TOPICS: The Second Choice: Equality versus Discretion
DATE CREATED: 5/27 6:11 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 5/27 6:12 AM
22. Which resolution of a choice does determinate sentencing favor?
a. Equality, rather than discretion
b. Discretion, rather than equality
c. Common good, rather than Constitutional rights
d. Constitutional rights, rather than common good
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Understand
REFERENCES: Basic Choices in the Psychological Study of the Law
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
TOPICS: The Second Choice: Equality versus Discretion
DATE CREATED: 5/27 6:12 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 5/27 6:13 AM
23. The principle of proportionality reflects which idea?
a. There should be the same proportion of European Americans arrested for crime as African Americans.
b. The defendant‘s punishment should be related to the magnitude of the offense.
c. Repeat offenders who commit minor crimes should receive extensive rehabilitation.
d. A defendant who commits minor crimes should receive a harsh punishment if the defendant is a habitual
offender.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Understand
REFERENCES: Basic Choices in the Psychological Study of the Law
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
TOPICS: The Second Choice: Equality versus Discretion
DATE CREATED: 5/27 6:13 AM
Page 8
, DATE MODIFIED: 5/27 6:14 AM
24. Despite the principle of equality, discretion is often displayed by which of the following?
a. Parole officers
b. Police officer
c. Probation officers
d. All of these are correct.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Understand
REFERENCES: Basic Choices in the Psychological Study of the Law
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
TOPICS: The Second Choice: Equality versus Discretion
DATE CREATED: 5/27 6:15 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 5/27 6:16 AM
25. Commuting a death sentence to life imprisonment is a type of discretion referred to as which?
a. Severity mitigation
b. Clemency
c. Reversal
d. Leniency
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Understand
REFERENCES: Basic Choices in the Psychological Study of the Law
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
TOPICS: The Second Choice: Equality versus Discretion
DATE CREATED: 5/27 6:16 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 5/27 6:17 AM
26. Fill in the blank in the following sentence: Troy Davis was convicted of murdering a police officer and faced
execution in Georgia. Which type of petition was presented to Georgia Board of Pardons and Parole to commute Davis‘s
sentence to life in prison rather than execution in an effort to save his life?
a. Settlement
b. Clemency
c. Reversal
d. Leniency
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Apply
REFERENCES: Basic Choices in the Psychological Study of the Law
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
TOPICS: The Second Choice: Equality versus Discretion
Page 9
,
,
,POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Think Critically
REFERENCES: The Psychological Study of Law
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
DATE CREATED: 37 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 38 AM
10. The United States is perhaps the most individualistic society where people can deviate from the norm or make their
own choices to a greater degree. What are two deeply desired values?
a. Individualism and free will
b. Freedom and personal autonomy
c. Freedom with personal responsibility
d. Personal responsibility and personal autonomy
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Understand
REFERENCES: Basic Choices in the Psychological Study of the Law
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
TOPICS: The First Choice: Rights of Individuals versus the Common Good
DATE CREATED: 38 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 52 AM
11. In 2017, a law known as the ―show me your papers law,‖ which prohibits local authorities from limiting the ability of
law enforcement or court personnel to demand proof of a person‘s immigration status and report it to federal officials, was
passed in which state?
a. Baltimore
b. Florida
c. Texas
d. New York
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Apply
REFERENCES: Basic Choices in the Psychological Study of the Law
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
TOPICS: The First Choice: Rights of Individuals versus the Common Good
DATE CREATED: 52 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 54 AM
12. Most of the U.S. Supreme Court decisions, like the Miranda rule, that provided more explicit rights for those
suspected of breaking the law, occurred during which decade?
a. 1950s
b. 1960s
c. 1970s
Page 4
, d. 1980s
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Understand
REFERENCES: Basic Choices in the Psychological Study of the Law
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
TOPICS: The First Choice: Rights of Individuals versus the Common Good
DATE CREATED: 54 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 56 AM
13. In more recent cases, the Supreme Court has ruled in favor of law enforcement as opposed to individuals suspected of
breaking the law. In Florence v. Board of Chosen Freeholders, the Court ruled which of the following?
a. Police can stop a motorist whom they believe has violated traffic laws even if their ulterior motive is to
investigate the possibility of drug dealing.
b. Jail officials can strip search petty offenders even when there is no suspicion of carrying a weapon or
contraband.
c. Police can conduct ―no-knock‖ raids on individual homes.
d. Police can use deception in order to extract a confession from a suspect.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Think Critically
REFERENCES: Basic Choices in the Psychological Study of the Law
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
TOPICS: The First Choice: Rights of Individuals versus the Common Good
DATE CREATED: 56 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 57 AM
14. The due process model would subscribe to which of the following statements?
a. It is better for one innocent person to be convicted than for many guilty persons to go free.
b. It is better for many guilty persons to go free than to convict one innocent person.
c. Miranda rights are detrimental to convicting guilty persons.
d. The ―three-strikes‖ law is in place to protect society from dangerous criminals.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Understand
REFERENCES: Basic Choices in the Psychological Study of the Law
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
TOPICS: The First Choice: Rights of Individuals versus the Common Good
DATE CREATED: 59 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 5/27 6:01 AM
15. Which of the following is a basic characteristic of the crime control model of the criminal justice system?
a. The system should present obstacles to the conviction of defendants to protect the innocent.
Page 5
, b. The suspect is assumed to be innocent until proven guilty in a court of law.
c. Emphasis in the courts should be for efficient detection and prosecution of criminals.
d. Greater control needs to be exerted over the police in their investigation of suspects to protect individual
rights.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Understand
REFERENCES: Basic Choices in the Psychological Study of the Law
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
TOPICS: The First Choice: Rights of Individuals versus the Common Good
DATE CREATED: 5/27 6:01 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 5/27 6:02 AM
16. Due to the recession between 2007 and 2009, the federal and state budgets tightened, forcing reevaluation of ―tough
on crime policies‖ leading to alternative programs to reduce repeat offence. These alternatives have included which of the
following?
a. Diversionary, community-based treatment programs
b. Educational and reentry programs for inmates
c. Substance abuse and mental health treatment programs for inmates
d. All of these are correct.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Think Critically
REFERENCES: Basic Choices in the Psychological Study of the Law
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
TOPICS: The First Choice: Rights of Individuals versus the Common Good
DATE CREATED: 5/27 6:02 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 6/7 5:39 AM
17. The First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution protects freedom of speech including which of the following?
a. Calls to violence
b. Perjury
c. Racially offensive speech
d. Crimes against others
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Understand
REFERENCES: Basic Choices in the Psychological Study of the Law
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
TOPICS: The First Choice: Rights of Individuals versus the Common Good
DATE CREATED: 5/27 6:03 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 5/27 6:05 AM
Page 6
,18. Which of the following is true about the United States and its prisoners?
a. The United States has a similar amount of incarceration of its citizens when compared with other developed
nations.
b. The United States incarcerates a higher percentage of its citizens than any other developed nation.
c. The United States incarcerates a lower percentage of its citizens than any other developed nation.
d. The United States incarcerates a proportional amount of criminals when compared to its crime rate.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Understand
REFERENCES: Basic Choices in the Psychological Study of the Law
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
TOPICS: The First Choice: Rights of Individuals versus the Common Good
DATE CREATED: 5/27 6:05 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 5/27 6:08 AM
19. The principle of equality is often at odds with which value when implementing laws and punishing offenders?
a. Proportionality
b. Discretion
c. Equity
d. Liberty
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Understand
REFERENCES: Basic Choices in the Psychological Study of the Law
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
TOPICS: The Second Choice: Equality versus Discretion
DATE CREATED: 5/27 6:08 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 5/27 6:09 AM
20. Fill in the blanks in the following sentence: One might argue that the stop and frisk procedures used in New York City
violate the principle of equality and rely on profiling, as 52% of stops between 2004 and 2012 were of
.
a. Biracial Individuals
b. Hispanics
c. Caucasians
d. African Americans
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Understand
REFERENCES: Basic Choices in the Psychological Study of the Law
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
TOPICS: The Second Choice: Equality versus Discretion
DATE CREATED: 5/27 6:09 AM
Page 7
,DATE MODIFIED: 5/27 6:11 AM
21. Which of the following practices most clearly violates the principle of equality?
a. Racial profiling
b. Proportionate sentencing
c. Harsh sentencing
d. Proportionate profiling
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Apply
REFERENCES: Basic Choices in the Psychological Study of the Law
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
TOPICS: The Second Choice: Equality versus Discretion
DATE CREATED: 5/27 6:11 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 5/27 6:12 AM
22. Which resolution of a choice does determinate sentencing favor?
a. Equality, rather than discretion
b. Discretion, rather than equality
c. Common good, rather than Constitutional rights
d. Constitutional rights, rather than common good
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Understand
REFERENCES: Basic Choices in the Psychological Study of the Law
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
TOPICS: The Second Choice: Equality versus Discretion
DATE CREATED: 5/27 6:12 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 5/27 6:13 AM
23. The principle of proportionality reflects which idea?
a. There should be the same proportion of European Americans arrested for crime as African Americans.
b. The defendant‘s punishment should be related to the magnitude of the offense.
c. Repeat offenders who commit minor crimes should receive extensive rehabilitation.
d. A defendant who commits minor crimes should receive a harsh punishment if the defendant is a habitual
offender.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Understand
REFERENCES: Basic Choices in the Psychological Study of the Law
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
TOPICS: The Second Choice: Equality versus Discretion
DATE CREATED: 5/27 6:13 AM
Page 8
, DATE MODIFIED: 5/27 6:14 AM
24. Despite the principle of equality, discretion is often displayed by which of the following?
a. Parole officers
b. Police officer
c. Probation officers
d. All of these are correct.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Understand
REFERENCES: Basic Choices in the Psychological Study of the Law
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
TOPICS: The Second Choice: Equality versus Discretion
DATE CREATED: 5/27 6:15 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 5/27 6:16 AM
25. Commuting a death sentence to life imprisonment is a type of discretion referred to as which?
a. Severity mitigation
b. Clemency
c. Reversal
d. Leniency
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Understand
REFERENCES: Basic Choices in the Psychological Study of the Law
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
TOPICS: The Second Choice: Equality versus Discretion
DATE CREATED: 5/27 6:16 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 5/27 6:17 AM
26. Fill in the blank in the following sentence: Troy Davis was convicted of murdering a police officer and faced
execution in Georgia. Which type of petition was presented to Georgia Board of Pardons and Parole to commute Davis‘s
sentence to life in prison rather than execution in an effort to save his life?
a. Settlement
b. Clemency
c. Reversal
d. Leniency
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Apply
REFERENCES: Basic Choices in the Psychological Study of the Law
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
TOPICS: The Second Choice: Equality versus Discretion
Page 9
